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Advance Medical Radiography Seminar Research Paper

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please use this as a guideline for the research paper

 

Patient History:

A 74 year old male, Mr. Biniam  presented to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of difficulty finding words, slurred speech, and progressive cognitive decline over the past six months. His family reported that he had become increasingly disoriented and forgetful. 

Clinical presentation:

Upon examination, the patient displayed signs of aphasia , dysarthria , and cognitive impairment. Neurological examination showed bilateral hyperreflexia and muscle weakness in the lower extremities. Given these symptoms, the clinical suspicion was a neurological disorder, possibly a stroke or a neurodegenerative disease.

Diagnostic Testing

 

1, CT Scan of the Brain ( Non-Contrast): 

   

  • Justification: To rule out acute intracranial hemorrhage or any structural abnormalities. 
  • Findings: The CT scan showed no evidence of acute bleeding or masses. However , subtle bilateral cortical atrophy was noted, raising concerns about possible neurodegenerative processes.

2. MRI of the brain ( T1, T2, FlAIR , and DWI Sequences):

  • Justification: To assess the brain’s structural and function changes.
  • Findings : The MRI revealed symmetric hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and thalamus on T2 and FLAIR sequences. Diffusion -weighted imaging ( DWI) was restricted in these areas, suggestive of spongiform encephalopathy.

3.  PET Scan

  • Justification : to access brain metabolism and detect abnormalities.
  • Findings: PET scan demonstrates hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal lobes, consistent with neurodegenerative disorder.-

Interventional Studies:

Given the imaging findings, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was performed to detect the presence of abnormal prion proteins, which are indicative of prion disease. The CFS analysis confirmed the presence of abnormal prion proteins.

Final Diagnosis:

Based on the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and positive CSF analysis, the patient was diagnosed with a suspected prion disease, possibly Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease(CJD).

 
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