Billie wishes to test the hypothesis that overweight individuals tend to eat faster than normal-weight individuals
PSYC 355
Lesson 24, Exercises 1-5
Billie wishes to test the hypothesis that overweight individuals tend to eat faster than normal-weight individuals. To test this hypothesis, she has two assistants sit in a McDonald’s restaurant and indentify individuals who order the Big mac special (Big Mac, large fries, and large coke) for lunch. the big mackers, as they are affectionately called by the assistants, are classified as overweight, normal-weight, or neither overweight nor normal weight. the assistants identify 10 overweight and 30 normal-weight big mackers. the assistants record the amount of time it takes for the individuals to complete their big mac special meals. the spss data file contains two variables, a grouping variable with two levels, overweight (= 1) and normal weight (= 2), and time in seconds to eat the meal.
1. compute an independent-sample t test on these data. report the t values and the p values assuming equal population variances and not assuming equal population variances.
2. on the output, identify the following:
a. Mean eating time for overweight individuals
b. standard deviation for normal weight individuals
c. results for the test evaluating homogeneity of variances
3. compute an effect size that describes the magnitude of the relationship between weight an d the speed of eating big mac meals.
4. write a results section based on our analyses.
5. if you did not include a graph in your results section, create a graph in apa format that shows the differences between the two groups.
(a) Let, µ1 = Average time taken by an overweight individual to eat
µ2 = Average time taken by a normal person to eat
We are to test H: µ1 = µ2 vs. K: µ1 > µ2
Here we conduct independent samples t-test.
| Independent Samples Test | ||||||
| t-test for Equality of Means | ||||||
| t | df | Sig. (2-tailed) | Mean Difference | Std. Error Difference | ||
| Time | Equal variances assumed | -3.275 | 18 | .004 | -95.90000 | 29.28650 |
| Equal variances not assumed | -3.275 | 13.509 | .006 | -95.90000 | 29.28650 |
Here, t-value is =-3.275 and p-value =0.004
We reject H at 1% level of significance, i.e. , we conclude overweight i9ndividuals tends to eat faster than normal people.
(b)
| Group Statistics | |||||
| Group | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |
| Time | 1.00 | 10 | 589.0000 | 42.61455 | 13.47590 |
| 2.00 | 10 | 684.9000 | 82.22523 | 26.00190 |
From the above table, we see that the difference between the mean of the two groups is = 95.9 and the difference in the standard deviations = 39.61
(c) Here the null hypothesis is, H: µ1 = µ2 and the alternate hypothesis is, K: µ1 > µ2
Here we reject the null hypothesis at 1% level of significance.
(d) The result tells us that overweight individuals tends to eat significantly faster than normal-weight individuals.
SPSS Homework 2 Instructions: Independent Samples (Independent Means) t Tests (40 points)
Part One:
Green & Salkind: Lesson 24, Exercises 1-5
The following helpful tips are numbered to correspond with the exercise number to which they refer:
1. Type these values out underneath your copied and pasted output.
2. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states, please write them into your Word file as written answers for #2 a, b, and c.
3. The effect size statistic must be computed by hand (or calculator!). Use the second “easier” formula for d found in the section on Effect Size Statistics in this lesson.
4. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure).
5. Create a boxplot (not an error bar graph) using the following steps (covered also in Lesson 21):
a. Go to Graphs—Legacy Dialogs—Boxplot—Select “Simple”—Select “Summaries for Groups of Cases”
b. Click “Define”: Variable = “Time Spent” (this is your dependent variable) and Category Axis = “Weight” (this is your independent, or grouping, variable)
c. OK
Part Two:
1. A learning psychologist is interested in comparing the success of 2 different foreign language learning programs. He assigns students to two different classes, one that focuses on a more academic style including lectures and worksheets, and one that focuses on a more conversational style including repetition and group work. He then administers a standardized language exam to each group of students.Using the table below, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and use a t-test for independent means to analyze the claim that the two teaching styles are different.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part One of the assignment—the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the data file as well. Remember to name and define your variables under the “Variable View,” then return to the “Data View” to enter the data.
| Academic | Conversational | ||
| 154
101 85 94 172 203 124 52 93 |
193
102 239 227 128 203 249 243 178 |
2. Create a boxplot illustrating the differences between the two methods of language learning.
3. Write an APA-style results section describing the outcome. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure).
Part 3: Cumulative Homework
1. The effects of alcohol intake on aggressive driving are studied in a group of students tested on a driving simulator. One group of fifteen students are tested first with a placebo, given an ounce of alcohol, waited 30 minutes and were tested again. Number of crashes are counted. Did consuming alcohol increase aggressive driving? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
| Placebo | Alcohol |
| 7
7 5 8 10 13 12 11 11 15 8 9 7 7 6 |
10
15 12 8 5 21 10 11 13 20 8 9 17 18 19 |
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output.
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph.
c) Write an APA-style results section describing the outcome. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure).
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 2.
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