Psychology In Healthcare Organizations

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Discussion about 500 words, at lease 2 references.

Must have access to:

Lowman, R. L. (2002). The California school of organizational studies handbook of organizational consulting psychology: A comprehensive guide to skills and techniques. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.

According to your textbook, health care makes up approximately 15% of the U.S. economy. As such, in your career as an I/O Psychologist, you are likely to be called on to work in or consult with a healthcare organization at some point in time. Yet healthcare organizations differ from other organizations in various ways. To be effective in your work as an I/O Psychologist, you need to understand these differences that pertain to healthcare organizations.

Below is a list of features unique to healthcare organizations, taken from your textbook, Chapter 23, “Consulting with Healthcare Organizations.”

  • Most licensed healthcare providers are loyal to their profession more than to their company
  • There are many different subcultures within one healthcare organization, based on the different professional identities of the healthcare providers
  • Healthcare organizations tend to be conflict-avoidant, preferring to maintain collegiality instead
  • Formal authority does not accomplish results in healthcare organizations; informal influence among peers works better
  • Healthcare organizations tend to be reactive and flourish on crisis
  • Healthcare providers tend to be humanistic and client-centered, focusing on the health and well-being of patients rather than on bottom-lines or company rules

Choose two of the above factors,

Then choose one of the situations below and explain how the 2 factors you chose would affect how you, as a Consulting Psychologist in a healthcare organization, would address this situation(s) during your I/O work.

  • Assessing a candidate for an administrative leadership position
  • Training employees for emotional intelligence in the healthcare organization
  • The ability to use a performance management method, such as Six Sigma, in a healthcare organization
  • The choice of Servant Leadership as a leadership model in a healthcare organization

 

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Policy Identification

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The topic will be life skills once leaving foster care system.

To prepare: Working with your field instructor, identify a social problem that is common among the organization (or its clients) and research current policies at that state and federal levels that impact the social problem. Then, from a position of advocacy, identify methods to address the social problem (i.e., how you, as a social worker, and the agency advocate to change the problem). You are expected to specifically address how both you and the agency can effectively engage policy makers to make them aware of the social problem and the impact that the policies have on the agency and clients.

 

The Assignment (2-3 pages):

Identify the social problem

Explain rational for selecting social problem

Describe state and federal policies that impact the social problem

Identify specific methods to address the social problems

Explain how the agency and student can advocate to change the social problem

 

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Social Psychology’s Big Ideas

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Assignment: Book used

  • Myers, D.G., & Twenge, J.M. (2012). Social Psychology (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. (ISBN: 978-0-07-803529-6)
  1. Read six “big ideas” listed in Chapter 1 of the textbook . These are the building blocks for which social psychological theories, research, and ideas are built upon.
  2. Select three of these “big ideas”:
    1. In your own words, explain each of the three big idea(s) you chose.
    2. Relate the ideas to your own life: give an example either from your own life or perhaps an event you have recently heard of that applies to one or more of the three “big ideas” you chose.
  3. Use 2 sources.
    1. Your textbook can be the first one. Make sure to do your best to describe the “Big Ideas” in your own words (try to not use direct quotes).
    2. Due to the wanting you to relate the big ideas to “real life”, the second source can be from a magazine, online blog, newspaper, journal article, etc.

Instructions:

  • Paper length should be approximately 2-3 pages in length (approximately 500- 750 words).
  • Use APA style, including a cover page and reference page (not included in page length)
  • Introductory paragraph, setting forth a clear statement of your assignment.
  • Conclusion, a concise paragraph that reaffirms your assignment.
  • Cite a minimum of 2 sources (APA). The first source will be the one you choose as stated in the details above, the second source can be your textbook.

 

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Operant Conditioning

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Operant Conditioning (Worth 30 Points)

The purpose of this writing assignment is to apply critical thinking skills to conduct a real-life application of operant conditioning.

Learning Objectives 3c and 5c

Select a target behavior that you would like to strengthen in a person or animal in which you have daily contact. For example, you may choose to have your child pick up his/her toys more often; try to get more hugs from your significant other; train a dog to sit on command, etc.  Try to avoid selecting a target behavior you would like to weaken, which would require the use of positive punishment (punishment by application) or negative punishment (punishment by removal).

Step 1 Written Portion: State your target behavior. If you choose a target behavior in an animal, include the animal’s name, age, gender, and breed.  If you choose a target behavior in a person, include his or her first name, age, and relationship to you (such as a friend, co-worker, child, or significant other).

Once you have decided on a target behavior, collect data over the next day to find out how often the target behavior occurs without your guidance or reinforcement. In other words, just observe and count the times the target behavior occurs on its own. For example, if you choose the following target behavior: Teaching your dog how to roll over on command, then you would give the roll over command and count the times the dog rolls over (without your interference or guidance). This data is called the baseline frequency.

Step 2 Written Portion:  State your baseline frequency data. Describe your data collection, including the number of hours observed, where you observed the target behavior, and any other relevant information. Also, report any biases that may be introduced in your baseline frequency data collection. For instance, if you are doing your baseline frequency count on the number of times your dog sits on command, and you observe your pet during an obedience class, a bias will be introduced.

*Please note*: A baseline frequency of one day will implement a bias in your study. Report the bias, stating that a baseline frequency observed and recorded over several days may produce a more valid and reliable record of the target behavior.

On the next day, begin the process of operant conditioning. The first time the target behavior occurs; reinforce it with a behavior that you believe has meaning to the person/animal. Think through your operant conditioning terms. For instance, if the target behavior occurs, and you respond with “Great Job,” your compliment is positive reinforcement with a secondary/conditioned reinforcer, which increases the likelihood the target behavior will occur again.

If the baseline frequency is 0, in other words, if the target behavior does not occur on its own, then you will need to employ the technique of shaping.

Step 3 Written Portion: Write a paragraph reporting the number of times the target behavior occurred during the operant conditioning phase.  Explain why you think the target behavior increased, decreased, or stayed the same.  Use your operant conditioning terms to describe what you did, including your use of primary or secondary/conditioned reinforcers of positive reinforcement.  Also, explain if and how you used escape or avoidance conditioning of negative reinforcement. In addition, identify if you stayed with one type of effective reinforcer or if you used many.  Also, if you used shaping because the target behavior did not occur on its own, discuss how you applied shaping. Lastly, describe what you may have done differently, and report any conclusions you may have about your operant conditioning efforts.

 

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