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How do you distinguish valid research from “bad science?”
In the clickbait era, it’s more important than ever to be able to distinguish fact from fiction. Thanks to the internet, we have more access to research than ever before. Of course, the saying is “just Google it,” but not everything you find in a Google search is true. In academia, it is important to make sure that the articles you are accessing are not ‘bad’ science. Join Cath Anne on Episode 55 of the Academic Help Show, to learn how to read beyond the headline and how to spot bad science for yourself.
Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Academic Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, we’ve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG
TRANSCRIPT:
Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi there and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is episode 55 of The Academic Help Show hosted by Academic Help Global. Here on this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Let’s jump in.
Cath Anne: [00:00:17] OK guys we are constantly on the Internet these days the Internet is where you gain access to information and maybe even research articles. However because there is so much information out there you really have to be careful about where you get your information and whether it is valid research. It is important to recognize whether the research you are actually accessing or the research articles you are using are not bad science. Of course we all know the saying just Google it. However this does not always stand up in the academic world. Today on the show we hope to provide you with some tips so that you can recognize when there is bad science in a research article, and this way you can avoid incorporating these types of articles into your research essay. Next week we will look into how to use google to enhance your research and provide you with some valid research articles to incorporate into your academic essays. However this week let’s focus on bad science and how to avoid those kinds of research articles.
Cath Anne: [00:01:37] First I’d like to note that many of these tips came from the blog article written by the Web site Big Think we will link the website and the attached PDF in the description box below so check that out if you’re looking for a PDF to print off and put on your wall. OK now let’s get into the tips.
Cath Anne: [00:01:57] Number one when you look at a research article or when you’re doing research. Make sure to be aware of exaggerated headlines or click bait. First check the title of the research article. In the age of clickbait or in other words the age where we want people to click on our information, there is a tendency to exaggerate headlines or titles to make people drawn to towards the article. There is also a tendency to exaggerate or sensationalize the information within the article in order to appeal to people and draw them into clicking on it. If the title is sensationalized or exaggerated this is a pretty clear indication that it is not valid research and that you can pass on it and find something more reputable.
Cath Anne: [00:02:45] Number two, media misrepresentation. When you are doing your research you may come across media articles that discuss research. However the media also tends to exaggerate information or findings within a study. If you’re hoping to use a research article and you find it in the media go back to the original article and that way you will get the most accurate information and you’ll be able to cite the research article directly.
Cath Anne: [00:03:13] Number three conflicts of interest. Sometimes large companies or corporations hire scientists to conduct research for them in order to sell a product. Now this does not mean that the research is not valid. However you want to be aware that there could be a conflict of interest or it that results could be skewed simply because the scientist is being paid. Be aware of these types of conflicts when you are doing your research because this could skew the data and result in bad science.
Cath Anne: [00:03:42] Number four, abstract language. Sometimes research reports will use abstract language or make speculations. For example a study may use words like may or could possibly stay alert and aware of these types of words. This may indicate that a study is only looking at a certain portion of the information and not providing the full picture. It also indicates that the research may not provide definite answers to a research question which could result in bad science and you may not want to use this in your research essay.
[00:04:19] Number five, a small sample size. Now there are cases where studies will require a smaller sample size. How over the small sample size the more limited the research in a case where a study uses a small sample size but a larger sample size could have been possible. You may want to be wary. You’re also going to want to be aware of whether a study indicates that a small sample size it was a limitation in the research check for this information in the discussion section of the report or also in the limitation section. A valid researcher will make note of any limitations that come through in the research.
Cath Anne: [00:05:02] Number six samples that do not represent the population valid research will select a population or a sample that is representative of the population as a whole. If the research does not select a representative population the research is then not reflect five of the population as a whole.
Cath Anne: [00:05:25] Number seven, there is no control group. In order to contrast research findings with a baseline a study must have a control group. The term control group is referred to the group of people that is given a placebo or not given a treatment in a clinical study. In order for their results to be evaluated the treatment group must be contrasted with a control group. So when you are looking for a valid research study especially if it is a clinical study check to see whether they have indicated a control group or not.
Cath Anne: [00:06:00] Number eight, a lack of a blind test in order to avoid skewing the results. People in the control group should not be aware that they are in the control group. This is called blind testing if there is no indication of blind testing in the essay or the research article you may want to be wary of the results. Look into the study a little bit more. Blind testing is not always ethical and not always feasible. So there may be some wiggle room in this area.
Cath Anne: [00:06:30] Number nine, drawing conclusions based on limited data sometimes research studies will cherry pick information and draw conclusions based on that information alone. This means when it comes to the analysis or discussion portion of the research article The research articles will focus on specific results at law alone without looking at the bigger picture and all of the results. When only a few of the results are mentioned in order to prove a hypothesis this indicates faulty research.
Cath Anne: [00:07:02] Number 10, results cannot be reproduced. In any case during a study results should always be able to be reproduced a study should be able to be reproduced within a different context. If the study cannot be replicated this indicates a case of bad science.
Cath Anne: [00:07:20] Finally number 11, peer review. Valid research goes through a process called peer review in which it is reviewed by other scholars and professors in the field for validity and whether it can be reproduced in order to qualify for admission into a journal. A study must go through a peer review process. Keep in mind that even when an article is cited numerous times in the mainstream that does not make it necessarily reputable. Check the content of the article and determine whether it has been peer reviewed and this will be your best indication that it is valid research.
[00:08:06] Well guys that’s it for me this week. I hope that this was effective and helpful for you and I hope I’ve given you a few tips around how to identify bad science and avoid it including those in your research. As always if you have any comments questions or anything to say junk into the comments section below. We always love to hear from you. You can also get us on social media. All of our info links enlisted in the description below and we’ve also included a link to see where you can access more information on how to identify. As. Always if you liked this video and found it helpful. Please give it a light. And. Subscribe to our channel so you don’t miss out on any of our other activities. Thank you guys so much for joining me and I hope you’ll join us. Good luck on reading all your essays. Talk soon and take care.
The post EP 55: How to Identify “Bad Science” in Research Articles appeared first on Academic Help.
Have you ever used Google Scholar? While many professors will dissuade you from using Google for research (and rightly so), Google Scholar can actually be a useful tool for finding valid research.
As students in university or college, you generally have access to large databases of peer reviewed research studies that are perfect for literature reviews and research assignments. Alternatively, Google Scholar is an easy-to-access database that has some other benefits, as well.
In Episode 56 we are going against the grain to teach you how to Google Scholar for academic research and writing.
Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Academic Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, we’ve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG
TRANSCRIPT:
Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is Episode 56 of The Academic Help Show hosted by Academic Help Global. Here on the show. We provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Many professors will dissuade you from using Google as a source for your research papers as university and college students you likely have access to large databases of peer reviewed articles and research papers that are perfect for your academic assignments. Now you should always be careful about the information that you use in your academic papers. You will want to make sure that it is valid peer reviewed research. How ever many professors will not tell you that Google is a great resource for your academic assignments.
Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Today we’re going a little bit against the grain and maybe up it against the rules and we’re going to talk about how Google can be an effective and useful tools when you are attempting to generate content and research for your academic papers. Let’s jump in.
Cath Anne: [00:01:17] Generating research through a literature view is one of the most important steps in the research process. Google and Google scholar was developed by Google as a research resource for people looking for academic information similar to other academic databases using Google Scholar entails a little bit more than simply typing some keywords into a search bar. You have to know how to use Google Scholar effectively and that’s what we’re going to focus on today. First let’s talk about how to access and use Google Scholar. Now if you’re not familiar with the database, as I mentioned Google scholar is a research database that has thousands upon thousands of research articles in it in order to access the website. You do have to type it in manually into your your out bar because Google does not directly link to it from the Google home page. So in order to access Google Scholar type into your url bar scholar.google.com and you will be able to have access to this powerful research tool.
Cath Anne: [00:02:36] Okay so why can’t you just type a few words into the google scholar search bar and hope for the best. Well it’s because there is just way too much information out there. When you’re doing a search using Google Scholar because it is a worldwide database. You have to narrow your search parameters. Now let’s talk about some of the ways that you can effectively use Google Scholar and make use of the tool in ways that are strategic and take advantage of. All it has to offer because it is a really powerful tool.
Cath Anne: [00:03:13] First you can use google scholar to conduct backward searches. Now let me talk about a little bit what I mean about doing a backward search so you can begin this process in two ways. First type your key words or your information that you’re researching into the search bar. You will come up with a number of citations. At the bottom of each citation on the left side you will see and a word that says cited by and a number beside it. If you click on that cited by number google scholar will bring up a plethora of other resources that have cited that specific article. In this way you can start to narrow down your search and find other papers related to your topic. Second by looking at that cited by number it is easy to identify whether an article is valid research or not. So for example if an article has been cited 1045 times this is a pretty clear indication that it is a valid research article and that you are safe to use it in your own research. Another way to conduct a backward research search is to find an article and look at their resources or references page by scanning the references page on a valid research article. You then have access to a number of different research articles that you did not have access to before. And you know they are valid because they’ve been used in a valid study as well. So take advantage of this opportunity to generate some research ideas and even some new keywords and terms that you can use in your future research.
Cath Anne: [00:05:05] Second I wanted to talk about a really interesting tip search in incognito mode. When you’re searching Google on a regular basis, like most of us do, Google helpfully remembers your key terms and different items that you search. You may be familiar with how Google will suggest keywords when you’re doing a search. Now while this is helpful in our regular search this might not necessarily be as helpful when you’re searching for research and this is because Google actively narrows your search parameters by making suggestions and remembering what you have researched before. This is great if you are just doing general research but it might not help when you are looking for very specific information for a research study. This is not the time that you want Google to skew your results because you’re looking for original content and original research on a very specific topic. So how can you beat this. You can put your browser into incognito mode in this way. Google no longer remember your previous searches. So for example if you are looking for information on rivers in national parks, and you did a search for camping in national parks last week, Google will no longer remember that previous search and will simply focus on the research that you are looking for in the current moment. So set your browser to incognito mode for best results when you’re using Google Scholar.
Cath Anne: [00:06:39] Third, like any database you can’t just plug in keywords into Google Scholar and hope for the best. Take some time before you do your research to understand what your topic is. Write down some key words and some questions around why you’d like to know about the topic. Now of course this is going to take some time. However this will help you to narrow your search parameters and get more accurate results when you’re using Google Scholar. Narrow your topic and begin to make lists of questions and keywords break them into subtopics and then develop an understanding of what you will plug into Google Scholar. This will definitely turn out more valid results and more accurate information around the topic that you’re focusing on. This process may be helpful in helping you to generate more information around each subtopic. Begin by writing down what you would like to learn about a specific topic then break this information into subtopics and develop a list of key terms and key words. This information will help you to narrow your search parameters when you are using Google Scholar and therefore help you to turn out more accurate information. Now if you are largely unfamiliar with the topic that you’re focusing on for your research assignment you can certainly use databases such as Wikipedia or other online encyclopedias. Now remember these will not count as valid resources in your in your research assignment. However you can begin by using these databases to generate some information and understanding around your topic and then develop a list of keywords from there.
Cath Anne: [00:08:27] Number 4 stay organized with my libraries. So Google Scholar has this great component to it called My libraries. When you go into Google Scholar you will see a link in the top right hand corner of the page that is titled My Libraries. When you do a search, at the bottom of each citation that comes up in google scholar you will also see a small blue outline of a star. If you click that star Google Scholar it will automatically place that citation into your libraries. You can then use my libraries to stay organized and divide your citations by subtopic. This can certainly help if you’re working on a larger project like a Ph.D. thesis for example or a master’s dissertation. This is a great way to keep your citations organized. And all in one place.
Cath Anne: [00:09:25] Number 5 Click on related articles. When you see citations in google scholar you might have noticed that there is a small link at the bottom of each citation that says related articles. If you click on this you will see a plethora of other articles that are related to the topic that you have researched. This can be another great way to generate references and more information on your topic.
Cath Anne: [00:09:55] Number 6 organize and automate your citations. Let’s be honest, creating a work cited references page or a book really graphy is a strenuous task that no one really enjoys. Use google scholar to your benefit and help Google Scholar generate your citations for you. All you have to do to generate a citation in Google scholar is to click on the link below the citation that is in quotation marks. Double quotation marks and it will bring up a list of all the various formats that you can use in citation. So for example if you’re looking for an APA citation you can simply copy and paste that from Google Scholar and into your document.
Cath Anne: [00:10:46] Number 7, now like many other databases Google Scholar also has an advanced search option. The Advanced Search option allows you to narrow your parameters even further. So for example you can search by author you can search by time period and you can enter more specific keywords using the advanced search option. Definitely takes a little bit more practice so don’t become discouraged if you don’t get it right away. This is something that you can easily practice as you progress throw your academic career. Google scholar is an extremely powerful tool and something that is very useful for many students. It can help you to generate accurate and valid up-to-date academic research and make your research process a little bit more streamlined. Google Scholar can be a helpful tool to mine research for potential research papers and to develop an understanding of your research topic a little bit further. It can also help you to generate accurate citations and to organize them into a bibliography.
[00:11:54] Now you might be wary about how to identify a valid or relevant research article and this is something we discussed in last week’s episode. Episode 55 of The Academic Help Show we discussed how to spot bad science. So if you’re wary about using an online database like Google Scholar. Check out Episode 55 for some tips on how to identify a bad scientific article and. What to look for when you are identifying valid or relevant research.
Cath Anne: [00:12:32] Well guys that is it for me this week I hope this episode was helpful to you. As always if you have any questions jump into the comments below. We always love to hear from you guys. Make sure to like this video and subscribe to our channel so you don’t miss out on any more academic content. Make sure to connect with us on all of our social media platforms. Everything is linked and listed in the description box below. We always love to hear from you guys and make sure to reach out and connect. We hope that you’ll consider a google scholar as a great resource for you when you are conducting your academic research. Good luck writing those research papers and I will talk to you guys soon.
The post EP 56: How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research appeared first on Academic Help.
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