The Global Politics of Human Rights: From Human Rights To Human Dignity?

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The Global Politics of Human Rights: From Human Rights To Human Dignity?

Abstract

This review essay highlights the limitations and possibilities of a global human rights order based on an analysis of five recently published books about human rights. The main argument states that reform of the global human rights order requires not only a shift to a more emancipatory notion of human dignity but also an emphasis on global justice and material compensation within and between the Global North and Global South.
Human dignity, in this essay, embraces all types of human rights claims, ranging from political rights to socio-economic rights, among many others. The essay proposes a three-pronged reform of international human rights: (1) a shift from Western human rights to the more inclusive and pluralist notion of human dignity; (2) the promotion of global justice by rewriting the rules of global economic governance; and (3) mandatory political education on human rights and human dignity.

Keywords

Human rights, arms trade, intergovernmental organizations, European Union, United States, human dignity

Introduction

Amidst the recent resurgence of illiberal politics, how and under what set of conditions can we hope to reform the global human rights order? That overarching question inspires this essay, which reviews five recently published books that represent some of the finest scholarly works on the global politics of human rights norms. The principal analytical motivation of this review essay
relates to key limitations and possibilities for reform of the global human rights order. Notably, the five books under review were written by the historian Joe Renouard; the empirically-oriented political scientists Brian Greenhill, Jennifer Erickson and Katrin Kinzelbach; and the political theorist Benjamin Gregg.
Since the end of the Cold War, various human rights norms have gained traction – and not only in terms of their further codification in the international legal system and institutionalization in global governance. Indeed, these norms have appeared prominently as aspirational goals in many countries’ national constitutions and domestic legal frameworks.
In praxis, the number of countries, as well as the number of human rights treaties and conventions, have dramatically increased, despite the apparently deteriorating global human rights situation (Simmons, 2009; Tsutsui and HafnerBurton, 2005). The political science discipline, meanwhile, is divided on whether global or domestic factors primarily shape human rights outcomes over space and time (Regime, 2014a).
Philosophers and political theorists, on the other hand, primarily reflect upon new political utopias that would effectively realize human rights at the global level – and their creative thought experiments and philosophical reflections derive inspiration from a wide range of moral, normative, political and legal justifications (Bohman, 2010; Fraser, 1995; Regime, 2014b).

Path-breaking research on global human rights

This section is thematically divided into several parts. The first section starts with Benjamin Gregg’s reflections on a human rights utopia while succeeding subsections deal with the role of transnational and Western actors in global human rights promotion.

Conclusions: Rethinking global human rights

In sum, the five books under review provide us with some important insights about the contemporary state of the global human rights order. While Benjamin Gregg’s The Human Rights State highlights philosophical limitations in our contemporary understanding of human rights, the remaining four books underscore the dynamic interactions of transnational and local factors in shaping human rights outcomes, especially in the Global South.

Questions:

  1. Identify the major ethical/legal points of this article.
  2. Has the totality of the evidence regarding ethical/legal issues been considered?
  3. Are there any potential biases in the interpretation or discussion of the research?
  4. Does this article contribute to the ethical/legal debate?
  5. Do you agree or disagree with the position taken in this article – give your reasons.
 
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Inform The Reader About The High Levels Of Diversity In Europe Generally: European History Assignment

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University University College Dublin (UCD)
Subject European History

Introduction

Inform the reader about the high levels of diversity in Europe generally – provide a succinct overview of the entire continent. Provide the reader with a road-map of how you intend to focus on three countries and how overall these are more alike or more different, and why they make for interesting choices when undertaking this project.
Inform the reader about the high levels of diversity in Europe generally

Geography, Demographics, Language and Geostrategic Positions

Where is the country located? How big is its population? Breakdown of that population – gender, age, occupation, distribution, religion. What are the key physical features? Climate? Level of urbanization? Key urban centers? Languages?
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go
Insert images – Maps with correct references.

Socio-Economic Profiles

What are the core industries, services, sectors in different countries? Are there similarities? Reliance on foreign direct investment? Unemployment levels? Impact of recession? Average earnings? Terms and conditions (minimum wage, a living wage, etc.), Right to collective bargaining? Trade Unions and/or social partnership? Inequality in Poverty rates? Welfare systems?
Images of graphs could be helpful here, referenced correctly.
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

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Education and Health

How are the education systems structured? E.G. Baccalaureate or Leaving Cert, how many years in secondary schools or second-level schools? Training? Apprenticeships? How high up OECD rankings? Major health issues? How is a system organized E.G. free at the point of entry?
Graphs here could be useful, referenced.
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Cultures – Traditional and Popular

Images of cultural traditions could be useful here, referenced.
What are the developments of this over time? What are the aspects of culture that are unique to each country? Are there any shared? Popular culture? Rules on the preservation of cultural heritage E.G. quotas on the representation of minorities, language benefits.
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Politics and Political Institutions

Images could be useful here, referenced.
How is a democracy organized E.G. two Houses of Parliament? Free press? Rights set out in Constitution? Electoral system (E.G. First past the post or PRSTV or List system?)
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Transport and Communication

Do all roads or networks radiate from a particular center? What is the main mode of transportation? How is public transport organized? Broadband access in schools and rural areas? New infrastructure planned?
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Environmental Context

Are there particular challenges faced in this country. E.G. flooding risks, unpredictable events, earthquakes, or other seismic activity? Pollution concerns?
Violations of international treaties or EU directives? Position of State at the Climate Change talks?
Graphs could be useful here, referenced.
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Life in these Countries

Graphs could be useful here, referenced.
What is the lived experience of citizens in these States? Cost of living? Access to housing? Quality of Life? Human Rights? Minority rights (how are ethnic minorities treated) Racism? Happiness index?
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Impact of the EU

What is the perceived and real impact of the EU of each State, including the non-member States (E.G. association agreements, the promise of membership, rejection of membership in referenda)? Differentiated membership of different aspects of the EU E.G. Finland is non-aligned so it is in Schengen (the free movement area) but not in any military alliance (e.g. NATO).
1. Ireland
2. Country Choice 2
3. Country Choice 3
Compare as you go

Conclusions

Having considered the differences and similarities between these countries, what can you conclude in terms of systems in each for managing challenges (e.g. heath, welfare, transport) cultural sensitivities or unique selling points, challenges for the future? Are these countries more similar than different? How? Why? With what consequence? Think of current issues: Brexit/ Global Pandemic/ Environment/ Migration, etc.

 
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Write A Report To The Directors Of CICI Ltd Outlining The Treatment Of Each Item: Corporate Reporting Assignment

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niversity The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport (CILT)
Subject Corporate Reporting

Assignment Details: CICI Ltd question

The following items of property plant and equipment were included in the records of CICI Ltd 1. February 2019:
The following items of property plant and equipment were included in the records of CICI Ltd 1
During the year ended 31st January 2020, the following occurred: –

  • Buildings represent €348,000 of the amount in Feb 2019. The buildings were bought new on la Feb 2019.
  • On the 1st February 2019, an item of a plant costing €88,000 on 1st July 2017 is now recognized as having a useful life of only five years in total.
  • A new plant was acquired for €100,000 on l August 2019 and the company received a government grant of €20,000 towards the cost. The company uses the deferred credit method in accounting for government grants.

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  • On 30th September 2019, a vehicle that was originally purchased for €19,000 during the year ended 31st January 2018 was traded in at a value of €13,000 against a new model costing €28,000.
  • Fixtures which had cost €22,000, and were fully depreciated, were scrapped in November 2019.
  • During November the company incurred an expenditure of €85,000 on developing projects which are considered technically feasible and commercially viable.

The following is relevant:

  1. The company’s policy for depreciation is to use the straight-line method at the following rates:

The company's policy for depreciation is to use the straight-line method at the following rates

  1. The company charges a full year’s depreciation/amortization in the year of acquisition of a non- current asset and no depreciation in the year of disposal.

Requirement:

Write a report to the directors of Cici Ltd outlining the treatment of each item above as per the relevant international accounting standard and prepare the extracts for the company’s published financial statements for the year ended 31st January 2020.

 
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The Contribution Of The Construction Industry To The Irish Economy Is Considerable In Terms Of Output, Employment, Capital Expenditure

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The contribution of the construction industry to the Irish economy is considerable in terms of output, employment, capital expenditure and in the provision of infrastructure requirements. There are numerous factors that determine the demand for construction output and to fully understand the economic importance of the construction industry it is essential to monitor and analyze these indicators.
1) Economic Growth:
~ GDP and GNP (% changes as well as monetary value)
~ Value of construction output
~ Construction as a percentage of GDP
2} Employment in Ireland: 

~ Employment and unemployment rates
~ Construction Employment: direct and indirect
3) Inflation:

~ Consumer Price Index
~ Construction Tender Price Inflation/Construction Cost Inflation
4) Private Residential Sector (owner-occupier or investment) 

5) Social Housing (and affordable housing) 

6) Private non-residential (eg. offices, hotels, retail) 

7) Productive infrastructure (eg. rail, road, airport, seaport) 

8) Social infrastructure (eg. healthcare, education buildings) 

9) Fiscal Policy
~ Budget (current and capital expenditure)
~ National debt, government deficit
10) Monetary Policy Implementation
~ ECB interest rates & credit control
11) Apprenticeship Training/Education
12) International Trade/Brexit
13) Sustainable Development
A written report providing critical analysis and discussion of the construction industry in Ireland over the last decade.
Significant trends (positive and/or negative) must be identified and explained prior to any relevant relationships between variables outlined and discussed (for example employment in the economy as a whole versus construction; economic growth and construction industry growth; inflation and employment). The analysis should highlight critical drivers and the impact of the trends and draw linkages to the various sectors within the industry (where relevant).
The report should also provide a forecast of future output for construction identifying the key contributing factors and likely drivers of future output within the sector, and for the economy as a whole. Topical issues, for example, Brexit, should form part of the discussion in the context of the Irish economy and the potential impact (if any) on the construction sector.
The written report may include some of the visual displays from the first component and must be referenced in accordance with the Harvard System. A possible structure for the written report is outlined as follows:

  •  Title Page (Group member name, student number, course, year)
  •  Abstract (Executive summary c. 200 words)
  •  List of tables, list of figures, list of abbreviations
  •  Table of contents
  •  Introduction
  •  Macroeconomic objectives (trends and analysis)
  •  Construction industry and macroeconomic objectives (trends and analysis)
  •  The future outlook for the economy (including opportunities and threats)
  •  The future outlook for the construction industry (including opportunities and threats )
  •  Conclusions
  •  References (Harvard system)
  •  Appendices (minutes of group meetings; graphical displays not included in the main 
body of the report) 
The written report should be approximately 5,000 words (excluding preliminaries, bibliography, and appendices) and a screenshot of the word count must be included as an appendix.
 
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