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How Citizens United Changed Politics

For this discussion, your instructor will divide the class into groups of four to five students. Read the assigned text chapter, as well as the following articles: How Citizens United Changed Politics, in 7 Charts and Corporate Politics, Governance, and Value Before and After Citizens United. Pay particular attention to pp. 304–315 of the text.

Then address the following questions within your small group discussion workspace. Post your personal ideas first and then as a group arrive at a consolidated opinion.

  • Should the First Amendment protect corporate political expression? Why or why not?
  • If not, where should you draw the line for corporations between freedom and restrictions?
  • If you were in charge of government relations at a business, what strategies would you now employ, in light of the Citizens United decision, to advance your position?

For reference it will be great if you use the book

Steiner, J., & Steiner, G. (2012). Business, government, and society: A managerial perspective (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

 
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WEEK-2-ETHICAL-FRAMEWORKS-ESSAY

Week 2 Ethical Frameworks Essay

WCU assignment icon Consider the “Four Topics Approach” (or Four Box method) to ethical decision making on page 61, Table 2.1 in Butts (below). Apply this model to a challenging situation in your nursing career that required you to consider the ethical dimensions of the patient case and the role you played in providing care. Specifically apply and address the questions within each topic area as they pertain to your situation.

In your conclusion, discuss the impact of the Four Topics process. Did applying these principles shape your decision making in any way? Does this seem like a valid process for you to apply in your practice?

Your paper should be 1-2 pages. Adhere to APA formatting throughout, and cite any outside sources you may use.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Optional: You may download this pdf, complete it using correct grammar and APA, and submit it as your assignment in lieu of writing a paper. *You will need Adobe Acrobat in order to utilize this fillable .pdf form.

Points: 60

TABLE 2-1 Four Topics Method for Analysis of Clinical Ethics Cases

Medical Indications: The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

1. What is the patient’s medical problem? Is the problem acute? Chronic? Critical? Reversible? Emergent? Terminal?

2. What are the goals of treatment?

3. In what circumstances are medical treatments not indicated?

4. What are the probabilities of success of various treatment options?

5. In sum, how can this patient be benefited by medical and nursing care, and how can harm be avoided?

Patient Preferences: The Principle of Respect for Autonomy

1. Has the patient been informed of benefits and risks, understood this information, and given consent?

2. Is the patient mentally capable and legally competent, and is there evidence of incapacity?

3. If mentally capable, what preferences about treatment is the patient stating?

4. If incapacitated, has the patient expressed prior preferences?

5. Who is the appropriate surrogate to make decisions for the incapacitated patient?

6. Is the patient unwilling or unable to cooperate with medical treatment? If so, why?

Quality of Life: The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence and Respect for Autonomy

1. What are the prospects, with or without treatment, for a return to normal life, and what physical, mental, and social deficits might the patient experience even if treatment succeeds?

2. On what grounds can anyone judge that some quality of life would be undesirable for a patient who cannot make or express such a judgment?

3. Are there biases that might prejudice the provider’s evaluation of the patient’s quality of life?

4. What ethical issues arise concerning improving or enhancing a patient’s quality of life?

5. Do quality-of-life assessments raise any questions regarding changes in treatment plans, such as forgoing life-sustaining treatment?

6. What are plans and rationale to forgo life-sustaining treatment?

7. What is the legal and ethical status of suicide?

Contextual Features: The Principles of Justice and Fairness

1. Are there professional, interprofessional, or business interests that might create conflicts of interest in the clinical treatment of patients?

2. Are there parties other than clinicians and patients, such as family members, who have an interest in clinical decisions?

3. What are the limits imposed on patient confidentiality by the legitimate interests of third parties?

4. Are there financial factors that create conflicts of interest in clinical decisions?

5. Are there problems of allocation of scarce health resources that might affect clinical decisions?

6. Are there religious issues that might influence clinical decisions?

7. What are the legal issues that might affect clinical decisions?

8. Are there considerations of clinical research and education that might affect clinical decisions?

9. Are there issues of public health and safety that affect clinical decisions?

10. Are there conflicts of interest within institutions and organizations (e.g., hospitals) that may affect clinical decisions and patient welfare?

 
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physical-and-mental-health-sociology-homework-help

Respond to the discussion board, reply to two students

After reviewing Figure 10.9 on page 329, discuss your reactions. Is it surprising to you that heart disease is the current leading cause of death in the United States? What are some of the ways society, and pressures in society, might contribute to individuals getting heart disease?

  • The environmental hypothesis, as mentioned in the chapter, discusses the fact that people in lower social classes may have more mental illness (sadness, depression, and anxiety) because of their environment. The hypothesis claims this is the case due to more stress associated with things like money, physical health, and violence. Do you think the environment of those in a lower social class contributes to more mental illness? Explain. What, if anything, can human services professionals do about this?
  • Discussion responses should be on topic, original, and contribute to the quality of the Discussion by making frequent informed references to course materials. Remember to respond to at least two classmates with comments that forward the Discussion.

    From Jessi F.

    Hello Everyone,

    After viewing the chart in our book, I don’t think I find it as surprising that heart disease is a leading cause of death now, but i’m more surprised at how drastic the numbers have changed. Heart Disease jumped 17% and Cancer has jumped 19.2%. That is a huge difference and makes me wonder what are we doing or consuming so much differently now then before.

    Many things can contribute to the rapid growth in heart disease. This generation prior to becoming older was are not very educated on the effects things have on your body and how to take care of themselves. How you treat your body early on growing is what can effect the long term. There are other underlying health issues that can also lead to heart disease and not just how you eat etc. Such as Thyroid issues. This can effect your heart if not treated as well.

    I do think that the environoment in lower class contributes to more mental health issues. I am aware that there are a lot of people in all status types that struggle with mental illness but a large portion is lower class. When you are lower class you tend to stress about money the most and how you will afford your necessities. When you stress, it can cause anxiety and depression. When you feel overwhelmed with these issues you can also develop a substance abuse issue which then can contribute even more to a mental health issue. The cycle is rough.

    Human service individuals can offer resources and support to help guide someone struggling with these issues in the right direction to take care of it so it does not significantly negatively effect them.

    From Angelica H.

    Hello all,

    No, it is not surprising to me that heart disease is the current leading cause of death in the United States. Both of my parents are suffering from heart attacks and have to be on medication for their hearts. My sisters and I have changed the way we ate since the day we left our parent’s house. Learning that how we were brought up on heavy doses of red meat and fried food is a very big cause for heart disease. We all use ground turkey, poultry, and more fish products and more fruits and vegetables. My children are used to what is put in front of them; I try to introduce new vegetables to them at least once a month. “The United States changed from a farming nation to one where people worked in factories and offices, heart disease became the number one killer” (Henslin, 2013, p.310). The food is richer and people are less physically active. There are also other contributors to heart disease like smoking, drinking, and drugs.

    The environmental hypothesis-people in lower classes have more mental illness, they tend to be sadder, more anxious, and more fearful; this is due to the lack of job security, solid finances, and good physical health, medical care, and healthy marriage. With low wages, they live from pay check to pay check with unpaid bills piling up with higher rates of divorce, alcoholism, violence, worse physical health, and less access to good medical care.

    According to the text, “the type of therapy that troubled people receive does not depend on what kind of problems they have, but on their ability to pay” (Henslin, 2013, p.335). As a human service professional this should not be the case. I know of many non-profit human service professionals that will first look at an individual’s income and insurance to determine payment. Then if that falls through the insurance; the individual can have a letter written by their pastor, spouse, supervisor, or friend to state why the individual would benefit from care. Then the individual’s case is reviewed and a sponsorship is made for that individual or their family.

    Reference

    (08/2013).Social Problems: A Down to Earth Approach, 8th Edition. [Kaplan].Retrieved from https://Kaplan.vitalsource.com/#books/9781323245385


     
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    Excel-Assignment-Drop-Box

    Create a spreadsheet that includes the following:

    Overall Header for document

    Header for each Column

    7 columns

    15 lines of data entered

     
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