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The Spirit of Capitalism

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  1. In The Spirit of Capitalism, Weber talks about how wasting time was a sin for many protestants, particularly Puritans. What was the basis of this belief? What does that belief promote? Give an example of how this way of thinking may still has influence today.
    In The Spirit of Capitalism Weber talks about The English puritans who grew out of Calvinism, which was heavily influenced by the ethical ideas of Richard Baxter. Baxter largely against all striving toward the procurement of temporal goods (Weber 197). In other words, according to Baxter’s asceticism, wealth and the pursuit of wealth are meaningless. What is truly reprehensible is dependence on personal property, and the enjoyment of wealth results in idleness and fleshly desire, especially in the pursuit of the divine life. It is only because property brings such a risk of rest that they are worthy of criticism (Weber 197). Therefore, on the basis of such beliefs as asceticism, wasting time is the most serious sin, because the period of life is very short and precious, while any waste of time, small talk, luxurious life or even extra sleep is a sin. Such beliefs were widely accepted by Protestants, especially Puritans because such asceticism was more in line with their norms of unclean living. The belief that wasting time is a sin further promotes the idea that people work hard and take pride in their work. Under this belief, the Puritans must make full use of their time to labor, which is the way to obtain the approval of God, only in this way can they not waste time. This way of thinking also has a profound impact on our current life. For example, we have a strict working time limit at work. If we are late for work every day, we will be morally punished by the company because of laziness and irresponsibility. It can be said that wasting time is a moral constraint on people.

Question: What exactly is the Puritan doctrine of asceticism? What are the positive effects?

Work Cited

Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and The “Spirit” Of Capitalism. Penguin Books, 2002

Response from Kha

  1. What was the Peace of Westphalia? How did it change political systems in Europe? How were the political and religious systems created at this time not religiously tolerant? How did the power of the Holy Roman Emperor shift with the Peace of Westphalia? How did the economic and political power of the pope shift with the Peace of Westphalia? What characteristics of our current political systems and structures stem from these changes in Europe?
    The series of wars that broke out prior to the year 1648, notably the Thirty Years War, revolved around the issue of religion— religious group clashing an opposing religious group. The ultimate end of this specific war is credited to the string of peace treaties that were enacted amongst Westphalian towns, collectively known as the Peace of Westphalia. The results of its establishment include the cease of the Thirty Years War, a shift in power throughout Europe, and religious freedom within individual states. (Patton, The Peace of Westphalia). Prior to the Peace of Westphalia, discussing government decisions usually concerned a “dominant nation” forcing policy amongst the other nations. With the Peace of Westphalia, political systems changed for the negotiation’s goal was centered around the goal of reaching a compromise. It is one of the earliest historical moments in which diplomatic methods were utilized amongst many powers. (Patton, The Peace of Westphalia). The treaty did not mean that there was religious tolerance however, rather, it emphasized the concept of pluralism; there would be many different religions compared to one, almighty religion. Each state had sovereignty, in other words, complete power to uphold one religion. Any minority or exceptions to this were dealt with brutally. This shift in power was not only attributed to states, it was also the case for the Holy Roman Emperor. Logically, now with the states containing their own power to exercise their chosen religion, the role of the Holy Roman Emperor grew significantly unapparent. Almost identically, the Pope’s political and economic role was reduced tremendously as the princes were given the power to select their own religion (Sargent, What Was the Treaty of Westphalia). The changes which were implemented as a result of these peace treaties continue to play a role in the nature of our current political systems. As mentioned by scholars, the Peace of Westphalia was revolutionary for it provided guidelines behind international diplomacy. Not only this, but religious tolerance and individual state sovereignty (Patton, The Peace of Westphalia). What current world examples portray the changes that resulted from the peace of Westphalia?

Sample Solution

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The difference between a consultant and a project manager

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  1. What is the difference between a consultant and a project manager?

Consultants are multi-focus experts, which helps them to do better planning, decision making, and long-term goal achievements and often provide expertise in an area that is not represented by the organization. Project Manager is to be more of a focused person, who leads the project, providing oversight of the work, and implementing a framework that guides / direct how that work is successfully accomplished.

  1. Explain why are consultants not great project manager?

It is very evident that managerial skill is a vital skill to have and improve upon. From the first commencement, gathering information until the final delivery requires a plan that is flexible enough to incorporate all the changes necessary for a fruitful engagement. Planning reduces the risk and makes the engagement progress smoothly. A lack of the required project management skills and poor plan of action will lead a consultant (with all great expertise in the subject) to leave them chaotic and stressful, so all consultants are not great project managers.

  1. What are the differences in the deliverables between a consultant and project manager?

It is very important for a consultant to convert the findings, recommendations, or any other output into a deliverable format (deliverables). It is also important to start noting and drafting the deliverables as soon as from the start of the engagement. Sometimes this may come handy as weaker content credibility can be enhanced or coved up with a high-quality presentation. For a project manager, it’s a more tangible action work/action item within the project. In oftentimes deliverables for a project manager is dependent on other’s (consultant’s) deliverables being completed first.

  1. What skills or traits do you have personally that as a consultant would help you win work and satisfy a client?

To start with, I have very good communication and work well with others to participate in the cycle of commencing, collecting, considering, creating, counseling, and creating. Along with Consciousness, being sensible, problem-solving skills, and the ability to come up with new ideas. I do have an excellent background/understanding/knowledge, which makes me technically competent to win and satisfy the client.

Discussion 2

ANS.1 I think that a consultant’s job is to provide specialization in a specific area of a business and is not connected to overall business process of an organization structure. The consultant is hired for a short term basis to work on specific issues that a certain department of a company is facing such as increase marketing, software architecture, business process modelling etc. On the other hand, a project manager is a leader and is responsible for the overall success or failure of a project. The project manager guides his teams and implements a framework that shows how objectives need to be met and how the project can be a success.

ANS.2 There could be number of reasons why a consultant cannot be a great project manager. One of the main reasons could be that a project manager generally has great leadership skill whereas a consultant does not require the same skill. A consultant is more responsible for solving a issue and working with the team to get solutions in his limited timeframe. Current day organizations are structured in such a way that everybody’s role is divided and it is best that if they stick to their own roles in order to maximize growth for companies.

ANS.3 When a project manager is appointed for a project, he is the voice of the project and is the direct communication channel to other departments of a company, supervisors, top management etc. He executes and leads the project and answers to stakeholders and executive governance committee. On the other hand, a consultant’s deliverable could include advising the project manager or the team members on certain aspects of a project. He can have a big part for the success of the project but his deliverable do not include leading, executing or answering to other people.

ANS.4 I believe my skills in attention to detail would really work a favor in becoming a successful consultant that would help clients. I believe it is one of the most important skill that a consultant needs to possess. Consultants need to go over the facts and data and all other information as thoroughly as possible specially given that they are newcomers for the company. Also a consultant is hired to work on specific gaps that the company could not have able to fill in. So it is a very necessary skill as a consultant. Other traits that I believe could be essential for me to succeed are punctuality, communication and confidence.

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Terrorist activities since the 1980s until today

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Consider a few terrorist activities since the 1980s until today. Here is a starting point:
• 1983: United States Embassy in Beirut and Kuwait is bombed
• 1988: Osama bin Laden re-organizes Al Qaeda in Pakistan to carry out attacks
• 1993: World Trade Center Bombing (first time)
• 1995: Oklahoma City Bombing
• 1998: United Stated Embassy bombings Nairobi and Sar Es Salaam
• 2001: 9/11 Bombing of the World Trade Centers
• 2001: Bio Terrorism begins (anthrax letters and Bill Gates’s warnings on bio terrorism)
• 2013: Boston Marathon Bombings
• 2018: Pittsburgh Synagogue Shooting

Then, address three (3) of the following and craft a response, as a whole, for your selections:
• Explain if you think that global terrorism can be stopped.
• Analyze the responsibility of the United States today to be the world’s “policeman.”
• Assess if peace and stability in the Middle East are vital to U.S. economy and national security.
• If the United States withdrew its troops from the Middle East tomorrow, would the terrorist threat end. Why or why not?
• Assess if the use of military force is the only way to prevent terrorism. Are there other possible alternatives? Which strategy is best and why?

Sample Solution

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The role of political parties in American politics.

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Explore the role of political parties in American politics. In what ways do political parties differ from interest groups? How do parties contribute to democratic government?
Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law. What are the major steps in the process? How often do bills fail, and where in the process do they typically die? What are the main differences in the legislative process between the two houses of Congress?
Explain the basic structure and jurisdiction of the federal judicial system. Describe the three different levels of federal courts. How are the lower courts created and how is their jurisdiction defined? What was the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
There are different kinds of judicial philosophy in how to interpret the law. Outline the theories of judicial restraint and judicial activism. Discuss an example of the Supreme Court employing judicial activism.
Describe some of the different strategies that interest groups use to gain influence on public policy. In your answer, be sure to give specific examples of each of the strategies you discuss.
Describe how Congress exercises its checks and balances over the executive branch. Which chamber of Congress has more authority over the executive branch? Provide examples. How might partisanship help to diminish the exercise of congressional power over the presidency? Explain.

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