Questions Uploads

Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

/in /by

Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

 

Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Completed by University of Outline 1. Introduction 2. Feminists’ ways in Decameron 3. Degree of women’s Freedom in Decameron 4. Gender relations in Decameron 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited This paper, by defining and analyzing various characters, themes, and tendencies in the Decameron by Boccacio, argues that the author propagates and supports the issue of feminism in this work.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER

The first question about a book concerns its form, and the Decameron is, in form, an unusually systematic collection of novellas. A good deal of realistic literature had developed in the Middle Ages within the framework of the short story, from the Latin forms, to the French contes and fabliaux and the Italian novella. Of the literature that lies at the formal origin of the Decameron one must distinguish two types: firstly, the parable or tale with a moral, closest to the clerical setting. Secondly, the fabliau, pure entertainment without serious afterthought. A number of items of the first type derived from the Orient, a few from classical literature.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. What Boccaccio did to all this production was to treat the first type in the spirit of the second, and invest the second with the symbolic value of the first. In addition, the idea of a systematic collection produced with him for the first time a truly homogeneous and balanced ensemble. At the outset, this imaginative representation of everyday experiences, in a spirit of close, keen observation of human nature, had explicitly shown a inspiring purpose, quite similar to the moralistic views of the Indian narrative The author illustrates that the medieval consciousness constantly swings between two opposed yet complementary views of womanhood: the religious-monastic (woman is sin, crime, error, folly, wickedness) and the courtly (woman is the representation of all the best in life and the world). The one is the result of a realistic approach, the other of an idealistic one, but they are in actuality both abstractions, or, to put it differently, the realism of the former view is the way of looking at reality of one who searches for an ideal perfection conflicting with any given reality.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

At the same time idealism of the latter view is the matter of a good that one recognizes in reality but projects upon a screen of perfection without which that limited good would not seem satisfactory. Boccacio shows feministic tendencies by giving women the central role in his stories and by empowering them more than man. In other words, there is nothing novel about making females the central theme of the novel. Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.What is striking is the fact that the author depicts women as controlling the situation and as making their life and sexual choices based on their own perception but not influenced the male’s way of thinking. Boccaccio’s feminism is, in its coherence, something different and new. He takes reality and woman as they are, in all their nature. His women characters are both, and even simultaneously, interested and disinterested, loving in order to give and loving in order to take, safe and dangerous, self-centered and generous, in brief ‘good’ and ‘bad.’ They are real according to nature, not to a artificial way of man-made, mentally construed and idolized perfection. From them can come happiness, as for Federigo, or extreme suffering, as for the scholar, for they can behave, according to the situation, like Monna Giovanna or like the widow respectively. They are not all of one mold, and the same woman may vary according to circumstances. The absolutism of the Middle Ages, both in the positive and in the negative direction, is gone.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. Man is finally able to face the play of natural instincts and take them for what they are. The two viewpoints could be occasionally found side by side in medieval literature: Jean de Meung’s noted antifeminism at the same time that he was completing a poem on courtly procedure where the pursuit of the beloved lady was the way of all happiness.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

With one order you receive5 in 1
  • Top quality of custom paperFREE feature
  • Plagiarism report (on demand)FREE feature
  • Own membership areaFREE feature
  • DiscountsFREE feature
  • Affiliate programFREE feature

Order now

But in Jean the two attitudes are essentially juxtaposed. In the Decameron this juxtaposition gives way to harmonious mixture. To be sure, we must not forget that the Decameron represents a unique moment of balance in Boccaccio’s career, standing as it does at an ideal middle-point between the early attempts to follow the lead of the stilnovisti and the outburst of rampant misogyny in the Corbaccio. Bocaccio makes constant references to the real feelings expressed by women that are based on their own choices and are not influenced by male’s dominance. For instance, the author shows that love is a delightful and playful experience, but not in the sense that it is mere play, nor is it to be taken lightly.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. The fact that love in Boccaccio so often ends in a serious manner, in tragedy or in the permanent tie of marriage, deserves meditation. The scene of the Decameron is not a natural environment for playboys. On the other hand, and not only in the Decameron, Boccaccio showed the powerful realism of his psychology of love by justifying our need for change as part of our nature. In Filostrato, VIII, st. 30, we had read that “A young woman is changeable, and desires many lovers”. And this whole work was, indeed, a realistic study in the delusion of faithfulness and the need for sentimental change. In Teseida, XII, we had witnessed the easy oblivion of the dead hero by his fiancee Emilia, and her rather casual settling for a new, festive wedding with Palemon. This apparently excessive capacity of adjustment to the circumstances of life was, more deeply, a lesson in the sympathetic understanding of what had traditionally been disposed of as chronic, criminal immorality. But once all this has been given its due consideration, one must further acknowledge that, although women are described as reckless characters more frequently than men, even among women uncertainty of character is rather the exception.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

Such is VII, 6, where Madonna Isabella is about to be caught by her husband with two men in the house. The desire for change may often be in the background, but comes to the foreground only occasionally. The extraordinary pains the lovers frequently have to endure in the pursuit of their goals are not mere exercises in virtuosity; they are the real proof of the dead seriousness of the business they are in. There is a heroic tone to this comedy of love, that seems to purify even the boldest adventures, if the protagonists are willing to risk so much, and do not hesitate to put up with anything.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. Love is no business for the timid: it is for the likes of Madonna Filippa, endowed with a great soul, as those who are truly in love usually are. This position of the author is all the more interesting in a genre traditionally dedicated to light-hearted skepticism and indulgence, in contrast to the ideals of absolute, everlasting, and unique passions dear to higher literary forms. In the Decameron, the endless betrayals of husbands are not, in the last analysis, changes of heart and mind, but rather the actual rejection of a conventional bond that has never meant anything deep for the heart and the senses.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. We have shown how Boccaccio’s intuition of nature evolves out of the world of courtly love, not juxtaposed to it. Boccaccio sides, with unconditional sympathy, with all manifestations of the senses against conventional morality (VI, 7), with adulterers and sinning nuns and monks, and condemns only when hypocrisy attempts to hide nature ( VII, 3; VIII, 4; IV, 2), or when perversion contaminates the free choice guided by nature ( VIII, 1), or finally when men attempt to prohibit women from having their own judgements( V, 10, and the attacks in the Epilogue). We may now feel ready to conclude that almost every feature of the Decameron’s ethics of free love is connected with his desire to present feministic views in his work.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

The praise of adultery and the consequent scorn for marriage are constantly referred to in the novel in order to illustrate that the greatest happiness is in being able to make a free choice. Besides particular non-courtly elements, the general atmosphere, the spirit itself of the Decameron cannot be thought to have come from the courtly tradition. The feminine type that sweeps triumphantly through the work is extremely remote from the midons (my lord) who had polarized the feudally conditioned idealism of Provencal society.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. Above all, Boccaccio originally presents all attitudes, old or new, as willed and imposed by nature, far from the stylized and conventional ideology of the medieval world. Furthermore, he exceeds the stiffness of the courtly heresy in its most consistent expression, as he significantly seems to forget a relevant consequence of church doctrine. The granting of favors by the lady was necessary and valuable inasmuch as it increased the lover’s feeling of freedom, as a free reward for his true merits.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. Hence true love could not be found in marriage, where favors are to be reciprocally returned as a duty. In such an unusual manner, on the contrary, marriage does end many of Boccaccio’s love stories, because marriage by free choice and mutual consent is, for him, the logical crowning of love, whereas it is to be contempted as love’s enemy when it comes about by social imposition. Wherever they conform with the natural order, Boccaccio is ready to accept social institutions. Finally, Boccacio uses examples of immorality to show readers that even though improper behavior expressed by females (and males alike) can’t be justified, these deeds are based on the notion of free choice and, thus, constitute the greatest freedom one can ever imagine.Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay.

The post Analysis of Feminism in The Decameron Essay. appeared first on Online Nursing Essay.

 
Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order now and Get 10% Discount! Use Coupon Code "Newclient"

Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

/in /by

Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

 

Alcoholism Treatment The disease concept of treatment (DCT) has been the dominant treatment model for alcoholism in the United States for the last 30 years, however, remarkably little has been written about its nature. Writings have focused on its theoretical underpinning, the disease concept, rather than the treatment techniques and principles that seem to follow from it.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Writings about DCT have been largely critical. Some state that it relies on invalidated approaches. Others claim that it depends on an untenable disease concept. Kalb and Propper and Pattison characterize alcoholism counselors, the primary treatment providers for DCT, as “not open to new knowledge but rooted in the traditional and inviolate knowledge conveyed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)” (34). AA is a spiritual self-help fellowship based on the 12 Steps and the 12 Traditions, promising recovery from the malady of alcoholism. Bill Wilson, the co-founder of AA, wrote both the 12 Steps and the 12 Traditions using as sources the practical experiences of early AA members and the teachings of the Oxford Group, a Christian reform movement. Its principles, as viewed by its adherents, are spiritual and not scientific. AA is non-professional and is not a treatment program. A core belief of AA is that alcoholism is a progressive illness characterized by loss of control over drinking, which can never be regained.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. The program for recovery (the model for change) includes attending AA meetings and working the steps such as accepting and using them as a guide for living. The organization suggests that the newcomer obtain a sponsor, an established AA member who can help him/her understand how the system works. The sponsor has no special training beyond his/her experience in recovery as an AA member. Each recovering alcoholic, however, develops one’s own recovery program. The philosophy and principles are spelled out in Alcoholics Anonymous, an official publication of AA. The disease concept, implicit in this organization, was promoted by the National Council on Alcoholism (NCA) from its inception in 1944. Mann, the founder of NCA, included these elements in the disease concept of alcoholism.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. First, Alcoholism is a disease. Second, alcoholics gradually develop loss of control over drinking; once they begin drinking, they may be unable to stop. Third, Alcoholism is a permanent and irreversible condition; alcoholics can never drink safely. Finally, Alcoholism is a progressive disease, which if untreated can lead to insanity or death. A striking feature of the disease concept of treatment is that physicians are neither mentioned nor there are any medical procedures indicated. Another unusual feature is that only two of the five elements of DCT are directly derived from the disease concept. Other names for DCT are the medical model, the Minnesota model, and the 12-step facilitation model. Key to the development of the model were individuals, not professionally trained, hired to treat alcoholics in institutional settings and individuals in AA, usually recovering alcoholics, called variously lay counselors, AA counselors and paraprofessionals.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

From the beginning of Prohibition in 1919 until the late 1940s, there was virtually no institutional treatment for the alcoholic. There were a few private facilities that were mainly for the purpose of drying out alcoholics, an early term for detoxification. Most of these programs were unlicensed, however, and provided treatments of questionable merit Thus, AA, founded in 1935, filled a large vacuum in the treatment system. From AA’s inception, its members offered help to other alcoholics, and this outreach became codified in AA’s 12th step and 5th tradition. These early members formed clubhouses and AA homes, where they could bring newcomers and offer the AA program. They also made themselves available to hospitals as volunteers. In the early days, some recovering alcoholics became professional alcoholics, as some described them, dedicating their lives to helping alcoholics by offering their services as speakers on alcoholism and being available to help alcoholics in the community.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. For many, this activity started in a small way often on a volunteer basis and later led to a full-fledged occupational commitment, as for example running a halfway house. Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith, the “cofounders of AA, Pat Cronin, the first AA recovering alcoholic in Minnesota, and Marty Mann, the first female alcoholic in AA, are examples “(Richeson 67). The evolution of DCT can be seen most clearly in the development of AA facilities. The model emerged, concurrently, in state mental hospitals and detoxification programs. The development of the model will be traced in these three types of institutions. Outpatient alcoholism clinics, which retained a traditional psychiatric model long after the other institutions had implemented DCT, will also be discussed. Two institutions developed from the informal AA facilities: the halfway house and the Alcoholism Rehabilitation Treatment Center (ARTC). At first, there was little distinction between the two, but eventually the halfway house developed a longer length of stay and work requirements.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. Formal treatment was shifted to affiliated outpatient alcoholism clinics, while the ARTC developed an intensive, structured inpatient treatment with a shorter length of stay, often 30 days. Hazelden was founded in 1949 as an exclusively AA-oriented facility. In 1961, Dr. Daniel Anderson, hired from Willmar State Hospital, began to modify Hazelden’s treatment program by hiring professionals and adding professional treatment elements. Even though Dr. Anderson was an advocate of AA principles, the recovering- alcoholic staff became concerned about the changes. They felt that the hiring of professionals challenged the purity of the AA philosophy.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

With one order you receive5 in 1
  • Top quality of custom paperFREE feature
  • Plagiarism report (on demand)FREE feature
  • Own membership areaFREE feature
  • DiscountsFREE feature
  • Affiliate programFREE feature

Order now

These individuals resented charting requirements, formal staff meetings and psychological testing of the patients. However, the program continued to evolve and from 1966 to 1970 Hazelden’s program solidified into an ARTC, utilizing the DCT approach. While professional standards were instituted, the important elements of the Structured AA Program remained, including instruction in the 12 steps, working the first five steps, and didactic lectures. Two added elements were the psychological. assessments, which helped the client realize problematic attitudes, and group sessions conducted by alcoholism counselors. Confrontation group “sessions were developed at Hazelden in 1967 in a special program for repeaters” (McElrath 132). In these sessions, the patients were confronted with the evidence of their alcoholism and encouraged to accept it.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. The confrontation groups may have become necessary because of the time-limited nature of ARTC programs. It is likely that patients had to acknowledge their alcoholism early in the treatment in order to cycle through the program smoothly. Such groups are a departure from AA principles since there are no time constraints nor requirement of admitting being an alcoholic in AA philosophy. Willmar State in Minnesota was the first state hospital to incorporate a special alcoholism unit. Before 1950, like other state hospitals, Willmar State had no treatment for alcoholics except for detoxification. At first, the interaction between the alcoholism counselors and the professional staff was characterized by challenge and crisis Professionals often became more relaxed, less distant and less formal, allowing first names to be exchanged among staff and patients on the unit. The 60-day program that was developed at Willmar State consisted of a didactic component of 28 lectures, including “Alcoholism as a Disease”, “The AA Way of Life”, “The 4th and 5th Steps”, and group therapy conducted by the alcoholism counselors. This program made alcoholism treatment distinctly separate from psychiatric treatment and facilitated the creation of separate units within hospitals. In the 1940s, hospitals were reluctant to admit alcoholics in need of detoxification or other medical complications of alcoholism because of society’s moralistic views of the disorder.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. It was not until 1956 that the American Medical Association stated that alcoholics in medical need merited consideration for admission to hospitals and not until the 1970s that detoxification units became common. In these units, medical treatment for “complications of withdrawal and alcoholism was followed by an introduction to AA by the volunteers or an introduction to the disease concept by alcoholism counselors” (Wiener 134). At first a medical atmosphere maintained in the DCT facilities, was guided by a naive belief that the aura of the hospital environment and medical treatment of withdrawal symptoms and related medical illnesses would cure the disease.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

Relapsed patients were readmitted with the understanding that they had an illness and were not responsible for their relapses. However, as most of the patients showed no improvement after repeated hospitalizations, the staff became discouraged. In the face of these repeated treatment failures, the professionals began to doubt the disease approach while the alcoholism counselors, deeply committed to it through AA, did not. The alcoholism counselors met several times and drew up a position paper to develop a better treatment model.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. They felt the continuous admission policy might have unwittingly contributed to the alcoholic’s disease. They recommended refusing admission to repeaters, suggesting that it was important that alcoholics experience the negative consequences of their drinking as this might better motivate them to become sober. The professional staff realized that they had no viable notion of how to proceed once the acute effects of withdrawal were medically treated. The alcoholism counselors, on the other hand, could offer the principles of AA to help the alcoholic seek and obtain sobriety. They were allowed to do this and, informally, they began to restrict admissions.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. Unlike the state hospitals, where the alcoholism programs were created in cooperation with AA members, alcoholism clinics through the late 1960s were developed from various psychiatric models, employing mental health professionals and utilizing individual psychotherapy as the primary modality. There was antagonism between outpatient alcoholism clinics and local AA chapters, which may have hindered the adoption of DCT. In the 1970s, DCT programs developed all over the country, and in 1978 a monograph celebrated their coming of age by giving accounts of 13 DCT programs. By 1983 alcoholism counselors were the majority of the treatment providers in alcoholism treatment programs. In the 1980s, the status of alcoholism counselors was raised by creating a competency-based credential for alcoholism counseling in most states.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. It is ironic that the debate about the scientific credibility of the disease concept raged for several years, when, in fact, the implementation of DCT was essentially the practical application of AA principles in institutions. From the historical perspective, it appears that DCT consists of the systematic and structured indoctrination of AA principles, with the addition of some other elements, especially the confrontation groups. The degree to which these changes make DCT meaningfully different from AA practice is unclear. A useful way to begin to determine such differences would be to compare the opinions and practices of alcoholism counselors with those of AA members.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

For example, Kurtz found “differences between AA members and professionals’ ideological views of alcoholism” (89). AA members in their efforts to help alcoholics created informal facilities that were the forerunners of all the current treatment facilities except the outpatient clinic. DCT programs evolved in AA facilities and in institutional settings. In AA facilities, Structured AA Programs represented a midway point between the first informal AA facilities and DCT programs. DCT was established when professionals were hired and some professional treatment elements were added.Alcoholism Counseling Essay. In institutional settings, AA members first volunteered and then were hired as alcoholism counselors, supplying a personal commitment to AA principles, which became formalized and structured into DCT. In some AA facilities like halfway houses, AA principles remained primary since professionals were never hired. The late emergence of DCT in outpatient clinics may have been caused by the lack of cooperation between AA chapters and the clinics. In both AA facilities and institutions, professionals and alcoholism counselors had to reconcile their “differences concerning professional knowledge and experiential knowledge of alcoholism” (Borkman 90). The alcoholism counselors relied on their personal experiences in AA to understand alcoholism while the professionals made use of knowledge learned in their professional schools. Even at Hazelden, where Dr. Anderson succeeded in introducing professional treatment elements, the resulting program is primarily based on the experiential knowledge of AA. Additional information on the interactions between alcoholism counselors and professionals would be useful to explore to what extent DCT represented a true collaboration between them.Alcoholism Counseling Essay.

The post Alcoholism Counseling Essay. appeared first on Online Nursing Essay.

 
Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order now and Get 10% Discount! Use Coupon Code "Newclient"

Emergency Preparedness And Disaster

/in /by

WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!

THIS POST WAS COPIED FROM aplusnursingexperts.com Best Essays.

FOR HELP, VISIT THEIR WEB PAGE AT :

Home

GET QUALITY ESSAY HELP BY VISITING Best Essays – aplusnursingexperts.com HERE :

Home

Home

Home

Watch the “Diary of Medical Mission Trip” videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Reflect on this natural disaster by answering the following questions: Propose one example of a nursing intervention related to the disaster from each of the following levels: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Provide innovative examples that […]

WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!

THIS POST WAS COPIED FROM https://aplusnursingexperts.com/
Best Essays.

GET QUALITY ESSAY HELP BY VISITING aplusnursingexperts.com HERE :

Home

Home

Home

 
Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order now and Get 10% Discount! Use Coupon Code "Newclient"

Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

/in /by

Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

 

Common sources of errors that have led to the compromising of patients’ health and recovery have been blamed on the lack of understanding of the original message which in general can be classified as communication breach. In depth analysis has shown that most of these breaches occur in prescription and other written communication, not because some people are incompetent and do not understand English but do to the use of non-standard abbreviations that are misinterpreted for other things (ISMP, 2012). The purpose of this article is to delve into matters regarding abbreviation in the medical field and the steps being taken to ensure that indeed unnecessary errors are avoided at all costs.Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Abbreviations can be loosely termed as a number of letters that have been used to represent or shorten a long word. As the description suggests, we are prone to shortening words commonly used for the purpose of fast writing convenience and sometimes due to social groupings. In the medical fraternity, abbreviations can be used to represent processes, operations and medication or other prescriptions that may be used by a patient. As stated, these abbreviations can be limited to a particular group of people in a hospital or a lowers still, a particular department in the hospital. It can therefore lack meaning or mean another thing altogether in another department, area or region. Avoiding abbreviation means that whatever needs to be communicated is communicated without distorting the information or bringing about any sort of ambiguity to the issue.Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

As a result of the impact the distortion may have on the delivery of useful information that may at times be the lifeline of someone. Strict rules regarding the use of non-standard abbreviations should be made. The policies can be either nationwide, regional or in particular institutions. Policies made should be two-fold. One policy should advice against such doings and prescribes disciplinary actions that may be bestowed upon those who default from the system. Secondly, there should be a policy that checks any prescription that is made within the institutions for such errors and more so the ones that go out of the institutions should be verified as checked and approved to avoid wrong interpretation that may be made by other people outside the institutions. Also a list of the standard abbreviations should be included in notification to the practitioners (Joint commission, 2008) as per agreements that have been made in the industry as a whole.Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

That notwithstanding, the abolishment of abbreviations can translate to more tedious work for persons who are either reading or writing the material to be communicated. Thus abbreviations should ONLY be accepted when they coincide with the standard abbreviations in that particular industry for purposes of uniformity and deleting the possible ambiguity that may exist. In that case, they can be used by every practitioner in the place of work to mean the same thing. That way ease of communication will be ensured and it should be limited only to ones that have been approved as having traceability to the standards put in place.Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

According to the data mining that have been achieved in preparation of this article, significant efforts have been put in place to ensure that the errors that are propagated through abbreviations are reduced if not extinguished permanently. However, more should be done in terms of more education to the practitioners on the need to use only standard abbreviations that will not elicit any confusion in the implementation of any health action plan designed to help the customer overcome impending illnesses. Moreover, preaching of work ethics and the invoking of conscience is a major avenue that has not been indulged in and it would bring more fruit that imposing policies on a rebellious and unreasonable group. Start with reason then initiate policies (ISMP, 2012).Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay.

The post Abbreviations in the Health Sectors Essay. appeared first on Online Nursing Essay.

 
Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order now and Get 10% Discount! Use Coupon Code "Newclient"