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• Describe two person characteristics that are associated with Down syndrome. In your own opinion and in light of these epidemiologic associations, what preventive measures could be taken? [p. 183]

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Give an example of a hypothetical ecologic study. Name and describe one advantage and one disadvantage of ecologic studies. [p. 110]
• Describe, briefly, the challenges to the validity of study designs; relate these challenges to case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials. [p. 117]
• Do you have a smokefree bars law in your community? What considerations led to the development of such laws in communities that have adopted them? What are three policy implications of smokefree bars laws? [pp. 130, 131]
• Explain what is meant by the risk management component of risk assessment. From your own experience, discuss how risk management applies to the regulation of pesticides for home use. [p. 130]
• Describe the components that make up the epidemiologic triangle. Indicate how these components could be implicated in an outbreak of foodborne illness (e.g., an illness outbreak caused by Salmonella-contaminated tomatoes). [p. 138]
• Give one argument for and one argument against the proposition that vaccine-preventable diseases represent a diminished hazard to society. [pp. 151, 152]
• Explain the trends of obesity in the United States over time. Compare the trends among children and teenagers versus adults. [pp. 171, 172]
• What is the triad of disorders reported for children with severe emotional or behavioral difficulties? Discuss the implications of these disorders for the social functioning of children. [p. 174]
• Describe two person characteristics that are associated with Down syndrome. In your own opinion and in light of these epidemiologic associations, what preventive measures could be taken? [p. 183]
• What is one of the major consequences of children’s exposure to environmental lead? Suggest two methods for reducing such exposure. [p. 185]

 

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Discuss Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia syndromes and sickle cell anemia

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A four-year-old African American male diagnosed with sickle cell disease in the newborn period was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. Two days prior to admission, he was seen in the emergency room for abdominal pain and sent out on pain medicine.
PHYSICAL EXAM
Height 100 cm (25th percentile on growth chart)
Weight 15 kg (25th percentile on growth chart)
Temperature: 38.9ºC
Heart Rate: 135
Respiratory Rate: 40
Blood Pressure 100/60 mmHg
Oxygen Saturation Level: 87% (normal range: 92%-98%)

HEENT: Normocephalic, pupils reactive, tympanic membranes clear, oropharynx clear
Neck: No adenopathy
Chest: Mild subcostal retractions. Audible rales at lung bases.
Heart: Tachycardic with III/VI murmur
Abdomen: Mild distension, diffusely tender to palpation
Genitourinary: Circumcised male, no priapism
Extremities: Warm
Neurologic: Crying, alert boy. Face was symmetric. Moved all extremities.

LABORATORY DATA
Patient Value Normal Value
WBC 15,000 4,000-12,000/μL
HGB 6.3 11.5-13.5 g/dL
HCT 18 34%-40%
PLT 560,000 140,000-440,000/μL
MCV 89.0 75-87 fl
Retic % 14% 0.5%-1.5%
Rectic Absolute 0.2125 0.024-0.084 M/μL

1 What history, including symptoms, would be most helpful in evaluating this patient?
2 What does a prior history of abdominal pain reflect? What does Bone pain and swollen, painful fingers (dactylitis) reflect in this disease?
3 He had a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit yesterday.what does that indicate?
4 He has been coughing 2-3 times a day and intermittently through the night.what does that indicate??
5 Does family history indicate sickle disease?
6 What additional physical findings might occur in patients with sickle cell disease? Discuss Jaundice and Splenomagaly??
7 What other labs would you request? Compare the lab findings with normal ranges
Discuss Peripheral smear, hemoglobin electrophoresis,
Blood culture; Blood Type and screen for antibodies
LDH; Haptoglobin levels
Amylase and Lipase
8 Discuss MCV, MCH, RDW, ESR, Hematocrit and red cell morphology in this disease
9 What was your differential diagnosis when you first saw the patient? Discuss the following in diagnosing the disease
Cholecystitis; Pneumonia; Upper respiratory tract infection; Vaso-occlusive pain crisis
10 what are the differences between sickle cell disease, HSBC, HbE and Tallahassee diseases?
11 Discuss Iron deficiency anemia, Tallahassee syndromes and sickle cell anemia
12 How would you treat this patient?

 

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• Propose strategies foe use of relevant theories that nurse leaders can employ in selected healthcare or educational organizations, considering legal and ethical principles. (PO #2, 6)

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influence outcomes from two of the following areas.

Organizational operations
Patient satisfaction scores
Patient-care delivery
Workflow redesign
Nursing theory is vital to all practice areas in nursing specialties. An evidence-based (theoretical) approach is a quality of professional nursing practice and guides systematic care for patients. If the profession of nursing is to continue to be recognized and respected, members of our discipline must continue to use theory as a basis for critical thinking and decision-making in practice.

In this thread you will respond to and discuss: Select a grand nursing theory. Explain how application of this theory by nurse leaders and nurse managers can influence outcomes from two of the following areas:
• Organizational operations
• Patient satisfaction scores
• Patient-care delivery
• Workflow redesign

The course outcomes that will be used to guide the learning process are:
• Propose strategies foe use of relevant theories that nurse leaders can employ in selected healthcare or educational organizations, considering legal and ethical principles. (PO #2, 6)
• Communicate the analysis of and proposed strategies for the use of a theory in nursing practice. (PO#3)
• Recommend strategies for the use of theory as the basis for actions of advanced nursing practice in leadership and education. (PO#5)

 

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What does Nina Jablonski have to say about the issue of skin color, absorption of vitamin D, and the disease of Ricketts?

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Patterns of Adaptation” How do humans adapt to environmental challenges? In this lesson, experts explore this question from many angles. The difference between acclimatization and adaptation is explained. Nina Jablonski explains skin-color function and adaptations related to UV radiation levels, the vitamin D hypothesis, and preventing the loss of folate in the body. High-altitude adaptations are also discussed, along with responses to heat and cold stressors. In the last segment, the evolutionary dance between humans and their pathogens is brought to light. The interwoven interactions between human cultural activities, and the evolution of new pathogens, are discussed, as well as the evolution of drug resistance in existing pathogens.

Choose one of these topics and make sure to include the question ahead of your post. Posts that do not reflect the lesson and/or speakers will lose points. Remember, these lessons are your “classroom lectures.”

What does Nina Jablonski have to say about the issue of skin color, absorption of vitamin D, and the disease of Ricketts? What is the “Vitamin D hypothesis”? Make sure to “discuss” the issue/s.
Indicate and discuss what you have learned from Prof. Erikson about infectious diseases.
Discuss & describe the differences between long-term and short-term adaptations of the body to climate and/or culture?

 

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