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In the case-control study, the odds ratio for alfalfa sprouts was 29, with the 95% confidence interval 7.5 – 545.2. Answer these questions 1. Is this odds ratio statistically significant? Please explain.

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In the case-control study, the odds ratio for alfalfa sprouts was 29, with the 95% confidence interval 7.5 – 545.2.
Answer these questions
1. Is this odds ratio statistically significant? Please explain.
2. Do you think there is a causal relationship between exposure (eating alfalfa sprouts) and disease? Please explain (using the applicable criteria under “Does Association Mean Causality”) which is indicated below:
Does Association mean Causality?
A statistically significant association between an exposure and a disease does not necessarily mean that there is a cause-effect relationship between the exposure and illness. The association could reflect biases in the design, conduct, or analysis of the study. The association may also occur because the exposure and the disease are related to some common underlying condition. The following criteria are widely used to evaluate whether an association is causal:
• Strength of Association. Strength of association refers to the relative risk or odds ratio. The larger the ratio, the greater the likelihood that the factor is causally related to the outcome.
• Dose-Response Relationship. If there is a corresponding rise in occurrence of disease with increasing levels of exposure to a factor (i.e., dose response effect), the likelihood of a causal relationship is strengthened.
• Consistency of the Association. If the same association is found using different study designs, different populations, and different settings, there is a consistency of association and a greater likelihood that there is a causal association.
• Temporally Correct Association. Exposure to the suspected factor must precede the onset of illness.
• Biological Plausibility. To support a causal association, the causal interpretation must be plausible in terms of current knowledge about the factor and the disease.

 

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