Part 1: Ionization Energy (IE) and Electron Arrangement Negatively-charged electrons are attracted to the positive protons in the nucleus by electrostatic force. This force increases as the charges on the particles increase and the distance between them decreases according to: where Q1and Q2are the magnitude of the charges, d is the separation distance, and k is a constant. Uel IE1kQ1Q2d(Equation 1)In order to pull an electron away from a proton, some amount of energy, called the Ionization Energy (IE) must be supplied. This result is a free electron and a positively-charged ion (called a cation). For atoms with more than one electron, the energy to remove the first electron is called the 1stIonization Energy (IE1). The energy required to remove successive electrons are noted as IE2, IE3, etc. (Note that IE1is the same value as the electrical force, Uelbut with a negative sign).1)Which of the following will have the larger 1stionization energy (IE1)? Explain your reasoning. An electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +2 or An electron 450 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +2 2)Which of the following will have the larger 1stionization energy (IE1)? Explain your reasoning. An electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +2 or An electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +1 a)How many times greater is this larger IE1? 3)Consider a hydrogen atom (H) and a helium cation (He+). Which would you expect to have a larger IE1? Explain your reasoning.

Part 1:Ionization Energy (IE) and Electron ArrangementNegatively-charged electrons are attracted to the positive protons in the nucleus by electrostatic force.This forceincreases as the charges on the particles increase and the distance between them decreases according to: where Q1and Q2are the magnitude of the charges, d is the separation distance, and k is a constant.Uel IE1kQ1Q2d(Equation 1)In order to pull an electron away from a proton, some amount of energy, called the Ionization Energy (IE) must besupplied. This result is a free electron and a positively-charged ion (called a cation).For atoms with more than oneelectron, the energy to remove the first electron is called the 1stIonization Energy (IE1).The energy required to removesuccessive electrons are noted as IE2, IE3, etc.(Note that IE1is the same value as the electrical force, Uelbut with anegative sign).1)Which of the following will have the larger 1stionization energy (IE1)?Explain your reasoning.An electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +2 orAn electron 450 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +22)Which of the following will have the larger 1stionization energy (IE1)?Explain your reasoning.An electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +2 orAn electron 300 pm from a nucleus with a charge of +1a)How many times greater is this larger IE1?3)Consider a hydrogen atom (H) and a helium cation (He+).Which would you expect to have a larger IE1?Explainyour reasoning.

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