Question

Photoelectron SpectroscopyPhotoelectron spectroscopy uses the photoelectric effect to measure the energies

of electrons in atoms. Photons of high energies (x-rays or gamma rays) are aimed (incident) at a substance, electrons are ejected and the kinetic energies of the resulting electrons are measured. Energy must be conserved, therefore the binding energy of an electron(E_binding ) is equal to the energy of the incident photon(E_photon ) minus thekinetic energy of the ejected electron(E_kinetic ):

E_binding = E_photon – E_kinetic

If you haven’t already done so, you will be learning about ionization energies in lecture. Binding energy is similar to ionization energy, but they are not exactly the same. Ionization energy is commonly used to describe the energy required for the removal of a valence electron, whereasbinding energy corresponds to the removal of any electron (often core electrons) from a neutral atom. A photoelectron spectrum shows peaks that each correspond to the energy required to remove each electron.

Part A – Consider the removal of a 2p and a 3p electron from an argon atom. Which do you think would require the greatest amount of energy?

Part B – Considering the structure of the atom that you learned in Chapter 2, describe the force that attracts electrons towards the center of an atom and is the reason that energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.

Essay answers are limited to about 500 words (3800 characters maximum, including spaces).

Part C – Suppose photons of identical energy are radiated on the surface of an element in the photoelectron experiment set-up shown, but no electrons are emitted from the element. What conclusion can be drawn from this observation?

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