The relationship between abdominal pain and vomiting typically can be characterized by saying:

A.

When the vomiting precedes pain, the likelihood of surgical abdomen increases appreciably

B.

Conditions that may produce only mild nausea in the younger patient often will cause vomiting in older patients

C.

The majority of surgical abdomens do not produce vomiting as a primary symptom

D.

The presence of bile in vomitus suggests pyloric stenosis

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L. D. is a 24-year-old male who is transported to the emergency department after being assaulted in a neighborhood

bar. The history is unclear, but witnesses agree that L. D. was assaulted and repeatedly had his head banged against the hard granite surface of the bar. On presentation he has marked edema of his face, multiple ecchymoses including both periorbital regions, and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9. He has had 1 L of NSS infused by emergency medical services. His vital signs reveal a pulse of 128 bpm and a blood pressure of 88/60 mm Hg. With respect to his hypotension, the AGACNP recognizes that:

A.

Vasopressors are contraindicated in traumatic head injury

B.

Hypotension doubles the risk of mortality from traumatic head injury

C.

His blood pressure is likely a physiologic response to traumatic head injury

D.

Stabilizing the head injury is more important that identifying the cause of hypotension

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