Epigenetics refers to a special kind of hereditary mechanism

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Epigenetics refers to a special kind of hereditary mechanism. Epigenetic changes do not change the DNA nucleotide sequence, yet their effect on gene expression can last for several generations.
In one surprising study, it was found that the grandsons of men who suffered a famine were less likely to die of cardiovascular disease. The experience of famine made some cardio-protective change in the sperm of those grandfathers that was passed on.
What type of change was likely responsible?
A.phosphatase levels
B.histone acetylation or DNA methylation
C.transcription factor activity
D.ubiquitin tagging

 
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_________ is the first protein to bind to mRNA to being initiation

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_________ is the first protein to bind to mRNA to being initiation of translation.
A.TFIIA
B.eIF-2
C.TFIID
D.60S ribosomal subunit
E.40S ribosomal subunit

 
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With regard to electrophoreses, what is the purpose of the agarose gel,

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With regard to electrophoreses, what is the purpose of the agarose gel, buffer solution, electrical current, cathode (negative probe), and anode (positive probe)?

Buffer solution:

Electrical current:

Cathode:

Anode:

 
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How can scientists tell how closely related two organisms are?

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How can scientists tell how closely related two organisms are?
A.the more genes they share, the more similar
B.by looking at common features, like eye color, hair color, and number of arms
C.by the number of chromosomes that look the same
D.by determining their family trees through genealogy

 
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