Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur after the events of the neuromuscular junction have transpired. The term excitation refers to which step in the process? a. Excitation refers to the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. Excitation, in this case, refers to the propagation of action potentials along the sarcolemma. c. Excitation refers to the shape change that occurs in voltage-sensitive proteins in the sarcolemma. d. Excitation refers to the propagation of action potentials along the axon of a motor neuron.

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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur after the events of the neuromuscular junction have transpired. The term excitation refers to which step in the process?
a. Excitation refers to the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
b. Excitation, in this case, refers to the propagation of action potentials along the sarcolemma.
c. Excitation refers to the shape change that occurs in voltage-sensitive proteins in the sarcolemma.
d. Excitation refers to the propagation of action potentials along the axon of a motor neuron.

 
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Sodium and potassium ions do not diffuse in equal numbers through ligand-gated cation channels. Why? a. The inside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Sodium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.

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Sodium and potassium ions do not diffuse in equal numbers through ligand-gated cation channels. Why?
a. The inside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Sodium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.
b. The outside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the inside surface. Potassium ions diffuse outward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.
c. The outside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the inside surface. Sodium ions diffuse outward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.
d. The inside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Potassium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.

 
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Acetylcholine binds to its receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers __________. the opening of calcium-release channels the opening of ligand-gated cation channels the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels the opening of ligand-gated anion channels

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Acetylcholine binds to its receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers __________.
the opening of calcium-release channels
the opening of ligand-gated cation channels
the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels
the opening of ligand-gated anion channels

 
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Calcium entry into the axon terminal triggers which of the following events? a. Synaptic vesicles fuse to the plasma membrane of the axon terminal and release acetylcholine. b. Acetylcholine is released into the cleft by active transporters in the plasma membrane of the axon terminal. c. Acetylcholine binds to its receptor. d. Cation channels open and sodium ions enter the axon terminal while potassium ions exit the axon terminal.

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Calcium entry into the axon terminal triggers which of the following events?
a. Synaptic vesicles fuse to the plasma membrane of the axon terminal and release acetylcholine.
b. Acetylcholine is released into the cleft by active transporters in the plasma membrane of the axon terminal.
c. Acetylcholine binds to its receptor.
d. Cation channels open and sodium ions enter the axon terminal while potassium ions exit the axon terminal.

 
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