Strong corporate culture or organizational ethnocentrism?

Critical essay
The name of the course is international management and intercultural communication. It’s up to you how to interpret the question.Write a critical essay discussing the key issues of the selected topic. You may structure your critical review in the following way:
• Introduction: introducing your topic and an overview of the key issues or arguments;
• The main body: consisting of 2 or 3 sections, each of which focuses on one issue; It would be useful to use examples or empirical evidence from literature to back up your arguments.
• Conclusion: a summary of your discussion bringing together the key arguments.
• Please make sure that you give a title and put page numbers. You do not need to give an abstract.
 
 
INSTRUCTIONS
Write a critical essay on one of the following topics
Essay Topic
 
 
• Strong corporate culture or organisational ethnocentrism?
Write a critical essay discussing the key issues of the selected topic. You may structure your critical review in the following way:
• Introduction: introducing your topic and an overview of the key issues or arguments;
• The main body: consisting of 2 or 3 sections, each of which focuses on one issue; It would be useful to use examples or empirical evidence either from your own personal experience or literature to back up your arguments.
• Conclusion: a summary of your discussion bringing together the key arguments.
• Please make sure that you give a title and put page numbers. You do not need to give an abstract.
Please note for all topics, credit will be given to an in-depth discussion of the issues under investigation, application of concepts covered in the course, the appropriate use of evidence and empirical evidence, a good awareness of literature, quality of references and the sophistication and clarity of your argumentation.
• Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

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Organisations need strong leaders and a strong culture

OPIC: “Organizations need strong leaders and a strong culture.” Discuss this statement in relation to how we understand and make sense of leadership and culture in the post-bureaucratic era.
Prescribed resources for Essay 1 – “Organizations need strong leaders and a strong culture.” Discuss this statement in relation to how we understand and make sense of leadership and culture in the-post-bureaucratic era.” are as follows:
Prescribed articles on post-bureaucracy
1. Josserand, E., Villesèche, F. and Bardon, T., (2012) Being an active member of a corporate
alumni network: a critical appraisal, British Academy of Management, Cardiff.
2. Knights, D. and Roberts, J. (1982) The power of organisation or the organisation of power?
Organisation Studies, 3(1): 47-63.
3. Zimbardo, P., Maslach, C. and Haney, C. (2000) Reflections on the Stanford Prison
Experiment: Genesis, Transformations, consequences, in Blass, T. (ed), Obedience to
Authority – Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm, Lawrence Erlbraum Associates,
Inc.
4. Courpasson, D., Dany, F. and Clegg, S. (2011) Resisters at Work: Generating Productive
Resistance in the Workplace, Organization Science, Articles in Advance:1–19.
5. Prasad, P. and Prasad, A. (2000) Stretching the Iron Cage: The Constitution and Implications
of Routine Workplace Resistance, Organization Science, 11(4), August: 387-403.
6. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing &Organisations: An Introduction to
Theory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13)
Prescribed articles on culture
1. Rosen, M. (1988) You asked for it: Christmas at the bosses expense, Journal of Management
Studies, 25(5): 463-480.
2. Brewis, J. (2007) Culture in Knights, D. and Willmott, H. (eds), Organizational Behaviour
Management, Thompson: 344-374.
3. Ogbonna, E. and Wilkinson, B. (2003) The False Promise of Organizational Culture Change: A
Case Study of Middle Managers in Grocery Retailing, Journal of Management Studies, 40(5),
July: 1151-1178
4. Parker, M. (2000) Organisational culture and identity, London, Sage
5. Karreman, D. and Alvesson, M. (2004) Cages in Tandem: Management Control, Social
Identity, and Identification in a Knowledge-Intensive Firm, Organization, 11(1): 149 – 175.
6. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing &Organisations: An Introduction to
Theory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapter 6)
Prescribed articles on leadership
1. Bolden, R. and Gosling, R. (2006) Leadership Competencies: Time to Change the Tune?
Leadership, 2(2): 147-163.
2. Browning, B. W. (2007) Leadership in Desperate Times: An Analysis of Endurance:
Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage through the Lens of Leadership Theory. Advances in
Developing Human Resources, 9(2): 183-198.
3. Herman, S. (2007) Leadership training in a “not-leadership” society. Journal of Management
Education 2007; 31(2): 151-155.
4. Jackall, R. (1988) Moral Maze, Oxford university Press.
5. Gabriel, Y. (1997) Meeting God: When organizational members come face to face with the
supreme Leader, Human Relations, Apr, 50(4):315.
6. Meindl, J. Ehrlich, S. and Dukerich, J. (1985) The Romance of Leadership, Administrative
Science Quarterly 30: 78-102.
7. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing &Organisations: An Introduction toTheory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapter 4)4
Please note that most of these articles/readings can be accessed via e-readings. See details listed ontutorial guidelines on how to access e-readings.
Prescribed resources for Essay 1 – “Good planning is the key to learning and innovation inorganisations, Discuss” are as follows:
Prescribed readings on innovation, change and rationality are as follows:
1. Josserand, E., Teo, S. and Clegg, S., (2006) From bureaucratic to post-bureaucratic : the
difficulties of transition, Journal of Organizational Change Management 19 (1): 54-64.
2. Morgan, G. and Spicer, A. (2009) Critical Approaches to Organizational Change, in Alvesson,
M., Bridgman, T. and willmott, H. (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Critical Management
Studies, Oxford University Press.
3. Birkinshaw, J. & Gibson, C. (2004) Building Ambidexterity into an Organization, MIT Sloan
Management Review, Summer: 47-55.
4. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing &Organisations: An Introduction to
Theory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapters 7, 10, 13).
Prescribed readings on knowledge and learning are follows:
1. Wenger, E. And Snyder, W. (2000) Communities of Practice: The organizational Frontier,
Harvard Business Review, January-February: 139-145.
2. Josserand, E. (2004), Cooperation within Bureaucracies: Are Communities of Practice an
Answer?, Management, 7(3): 307-339.
3. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing &Organisations: An Introduction to
Theory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapters 9 and 13)
Please note that most of these articles/readings can be accessed via e-readings. See details in
tutorial guidelines on how to access e-readings
Example 1:
“In this essay, I am going to argue that work can certainly be a source of satisfaction and joy forindividuals. Indeed, as I demonstrate in Section One, by drawing on Rosen (1988), Clegg et al (2008)and others, managers of modern corporations are explicitly encouraged to design the workplace andmotivate employees so that these employees find satisfaction and enjoyment at work. However,work is also a source of dissatisfaction and suffering too and I draw upon Jackall (1988), Knights andRoberts (1982), and Morgan (2006) in Section Two to show the anxiety, subordination and
domination that may also describe the experience of work for managerial and non-managerialemployees alike. Rather than leave the question here, in Section Three I attempt to explore,conceptually, why work produces such experiences and emotions for individuals. Drawing uponJackson and Carter (2000) and O’Doherty (2006) I consider the strong link between work andpersonal identity. Summarising my overall arguments in the Conclusion I illustrate, with the exampleof Ackroyd and Crowdy (1990), just how complex the relationship between identity, work, and an
individual’s striving for satisfaction and personal meaning can be.”
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Organisational citizenship

Organisational citizenship
The managing director of a large prestigious hotel chain is interested in encouraging organisational citizenship behavior of employees. They believe that fostering a culture of organisational citizenship will increase the effectiveness of the workforce and have positive flow on effects for the firm. However he knows that formal rewards and contractual agreements do not elicit these behaviors.
Therefore the managing director has requested you prepare a research proposal to investigate the factors that impact organisational behavior.


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Managing Change Across Cultures

anaging Change Across Cultures
Purpose of the Essay
The purpose of the Essay is to enable participants to demonstrate critical understanding concerning the role of culture, investigating processes and approaches to managing change in international and multicultural work environments, in addition to displaying a critical appreciation regarding how to effectively and empathetically conduct change management processes across cultural boundaries.
Completion of the Coursework (Essay) evidences full engagement with the Module’s Learning Outcomes through the delivery of lectures and seminars, as well as required independent self-study. By producing the Essay document, participants also have an opportunity to showcase professionalism as well as good writing-skills – all vital for work-life, and thus assessed as part of this Coursework (Essay).
The Case Study will be made available on Moodle web and circulated to participants in Week 4 (subject to approved internal moderation).
Nature of the Essay
Participants must produce a critical analysis Essay of total length no more than 2,000 words demonstrating the learning that they have acquired in accordance with the three learning outcomes of the module:
The intended learning outcomes are that on completion of this module the participant should be able to (particularly ILOs 2 and 3):
1.    Critically analyse and operationalise key change management theories and concepts into effective change management practices in international and intercultural settings.
2.    Critically assess cross-cultural issues in MNEs and appreciate the imperative influence on achieving successful change management processes.
3.    Develop and provide recommendations in order to operate effectively as a global manager in various cultural contexts.
In their Essays, participants must answer all questions relating to the case study “Four Seasons goes to Paris. 1  When  answering  the  questions – take the fictitious role as the newly appointed General Manager (GM) of a new Four Seasons Hotel, in a country and cultural context of your choice (for example, Mr/Mrs Eduado, General Manager, new hotel in Barcelona, Spain, (Catalan regional and Spanish cultures). However, your choice of location and cultural context CANNOT be your own city/country/culture and must be one of the following countries: Columbia, Brazil, Namibia, Turkey, Russia, Serbia, or a Scandinavian country. You have been requested to provide a report to Four Seasons’ Executive Vice President Worldwide Development, Mr Scott Woroch – addressing cultural issues relating to change management processes, and to provide suitable recommendations for the surrounding multicultural environment.
1 Hallowell,R.,Bowen D.,& Knoop, C-1. 2002. Four Seasons goes to Paris. Academy of Management Executive. 16    (4): 7-23.
The approximate number of words (+/- 10%) and the weighting of each subsection are
recommended below.
Question 1:
Executive Vice President, Mr Scott Woroch, is worried about the prospects of achieving successful change management processes in hotels located in countries with different cultures. He asks for your opinion:
(A)    From a leadership and cultural adaptation perspective, do you agree with the appointment of Mr Le Calvez as the new General Manager (in Paris) – why/why not? (150 wordsI8%).
(B)    Contemplating on increased international travel and tourism, as well as intensified globalisation (also in the socio-cultural realm) – discuss if the Four Seasons should continue with the approaches known as “tailor made” hotels and “cultural
chameleons”? Would you prefer to change this practice – why/why not? (200 wordsI10%).
(C) Identify  relevant  levels/spheres  of  culture  that  you  need  to  take  into  account  when implementing change  interventions  in the new  hotel where  you work  as the GM? (100 wordsI7%)
(D) Critically evaluate the limitations of grasping intercultural challenges within the Four Seasons organisation, if relying solely on Hofstede’s (1980) ‘Cultural Dimensions’ approach, and Kogut and Sing’s (1988) ‘Cultural Distance’ construct? (350 wordsI15%)
You can draw upon examples from other Case Studies as well as from the fictitious new hotel.
Question 2:
Taking into account  Four Season’s organisational  culture and the cultural  environment  in the city/country where you have been appointed as the new GM, highlight potential intercultural challenges which you (as the GM) might face when adopting the specific Four Season ‘s organisational culture in the  new hotel in relation to local staff.
Support your argument by using a minimum of two human resource practices from the Case Study as examples, and explain by analysing a minimum of five (across both HR practices) factors which may reflect cultural “clash”, and cultural “fit”?  (450 words/25%)
Question 3:
Recommend to Mr Scott Woroch what top-management should emphasise (as a means to motivate new local staff-members to participate in change management processes) when explaining the implementation phase of change processes in a culturally effective fashion (400 words/20%).
Identify a particular implementation approach (grounded in theory), and use this as an example when providing your answer to this question.
Question 4:
Mr Scott Woroch has some doubts as to whether you possess the appropriate intercultural skill-set for embarking on the role as GM at the new hotel. He requests that you reflect upon your intercultural capabilities – as he believes increased cultural self-awareness leads to enhanced decision-making. Complete the below form – focusing on yourself as an
individual (GM) (attach as an appendix – it does not count towards the word limit) (15%) .
I
N
T
E    Your    Your
R    lntercultural Strengths    lntercultural Weaknesses
N
A
L
You also need to include a cover page, an introduction (100 words, 3%) and conclusion (200 words, 5%). In the conclusion, you must also state an important lesson you have made – with relevance to managing change in an MNE/international organisation (2-4 sentences would suffice) as far as enhancing your own cultural self-awareness and intercultural skills are concerned, having completed the Module and Essay.
Cover page, appendix, and reference list do not count towards the total word-count of 2,000 words. However, marks will be deducted if you exceed the maximum word-limit with more than 10% (200 words), and if your document does not meet expected standards in terms of grammar and spelling mistakes, referencing, and professionalism in general. Your Module Team, however, will be sympathetic when it comes to giving some allowances if you are a non-native English speaker.
You may invent headings and sub-headings (but please avoid more than three sub’ levels), a cover page, as well as reordering the structure of the above questions. The Essay should feature the following overall structure: Cover page (Essay Title of your choice), introduction, Analysis and Discussion (answering the questions by drawing upon relevant theories and concepts, as well as practical examples), Conclusion, Reference list (Harvard), and Appendix.
Please indicate which question you are addressing in brackets next to each sub-heading.
Criteria for Coursework (Essay)
The Essay is assessed in percentage terms and must be passed (40%) in order to pass the Module, and participants must demonstrate achievement of the aforesaid Learning Outcomes of the Module (and a minimum of 40% overall). The Essay counts for 40% of your overall module mark.
It is   expected   that   participants   will   draw   upon   both   mainstream   Cross-Cultural Management  literature  as  well  as  sources  from  other  disciplines  –  as  reflected  in  the presented  material  during  lecturers and seminars  (and the  Moodle web),  in addition  to required  and  proposed  pre-readings  (Change  Management  and cognate  subject-areas). Participants  should  reference  a  minimum  of  25  different  academic  sources,  such  as journal   articles   (peer-reviewed),   in  addition  to  other  sources.   Wikipedia   is NOT an academic   source,   and   should   not   be   cited.   Lecture   slides   should   be   avoided   as reference sources, however, some books (chapters) and a few websites (if academically sound and respectable), is acceptable.
Marks will be deducted if you have cited too few sources (references), and if the scope of the cited literature is too narrow.
Coursework Submission
The Essay must be submitted electronically on the Moodle web (an icon will appear under ‘Week 9?. Coursework must be submitted using TURNITIN which is a plagiarism checking system.
It imperative that you present a professional, clearly communicated, and structured document which is correctly referenced. Students should use Harvard reference style:
<https://students.coventry.ac.uk/Library/Pages/ReferencingAndCopyright.aspx>.
The Essay document must contain a full reference list as per the above guide.
Plagiarism is unacceptable. If detected, you risk receiving a ZERO mark for the Essay and thus failing the Module. You will become a subject to the appropriate academic disciplinary committee and procedures. In severe cases your studies might be suspended and/or having to withdraw from the University indefinitely.
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