Analyse the most significant contributions to criminology from the Chicago School. Explain and justify your choices by highlighting the current relevance of the contribution to contemporary criminological thought. Assessment One Research Exercise: Annotated reference list Assessment question Analyse the most significant contributions to criminology from the Chicago School. Explain and justify your choices by highlighting the current relevance of the contribution to contemporary criminological thought. Type your responses in the boxes below: Reference 1: Journal article (scholarly) Short, JF 2002, ˜Criminology, the Chicago School, and sociological theory’ Crime, law and social change, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 107-115. Annotation 1: Summary According to Short (2002, p. 108), the Chicago School has been known as a centre for empirical research in œdelinquency, gangs, vice, suicide, family disorganization, institution, among many other phenomena. There are a number Chicago School graduate students and researchers who have contributed to a number of social and criminology theories. Short recognizes the contribution of Reiss, Ohlin, Glaser, Howard Becker, Bursik, and Simpson, among many other researchers in the study of criminology and deviance. Short holds that Chicago School has played a significant role in theorizing criminology. The Chicago School researchers have over the years tried to provide an understanding of the nature of group processes and how the interaction between groups of people lead to individual or collective behaviour. The researchers have contributed to the understanding of differences in crime rates across cities (Short 2002). In this respect, the Short observes that the Chicagoans have contributed to the theorizing of the relationship between human and social capital and crime and also political economy and social perspectives of criminological thought (2002). Short applauds the contribution of the Chicago School in revitalizing the social capital, criminology, and social theory. He alludes this to the contribution of the œProject on Human Development in Chicago neighbourhoods in the study of criminology. This project contributed to the theorizing of the collective efficacy, social disorganization, and criminology. Short (2002) concludes by observing that the Chicago-research will continuously enrich criminological thought. Annotation 1: Application: Develop an argument in response to your essay question using the evidence (conceptual and/or empirical) found within your chosen source. Make sure to clearly extract evidence from your source as part of your argument. This article is relevant to the understanding of the contemporary criminological thought. It provides a number outstanding researchers who have contributed to the theorizing of criminology and sociology. It also provides maxims and insights into criminology and social dimensions that have to be explored further by the current criminological researcher. Reference 2: Newspaper Article (Non-scholarly) or Government Report (Scholarly) or Book Chapter (Scholarly) Gabbidon, SL 2010, Social disorganization theory, in Criminological Perspectives on Race and Crime, Routledge publishers, New York. Annotation 2: Summary In chapter 3, Gabbidon (2010, p. 50) explains how the Chicago School and other social and criminology scholars use the social disorganization approaches to study the causes of crime in urban centers. Gabbidon highlights the significance of the Chicago School application of the social disorganization in explaining incidents of crime across geographical locations and populations. The Chicago School scholars found that areas, which were more affected by crime, were characterized by fluctuating population numbers, family renting, high truancy rates, large number of people and families on welfare programs, and a combination of a number of ethnic groups. High crime areas were also characterized by high unemployment rates, poor infrastructure, and several Negros and immigrant families. The chapter shows how crime varies by race and geographical location. The Chicago School scholars contributed to the understanding that geographical location is a determinant of the probability of an individual to commit a crime. Gabbidon indicates the Chicago School sociological research contributes to the understanding that crime can be highly related to certain communities than others. Based on a number of research studies, Gabbidon notes that crime is more prominent in areas with immigrant Negros than any other race. In addition, Gabbidon (2010, p. 56) notes that there is a correlation between economic deprivation and crime and violence. Annotation 2: Application: Develop an argument in response to your essay question using the evidence (conceptual and/or empirical) found within your chosen source. Make sure to clearly extract evidence from your source as part of your argument. This chapter is helpful in understanding of the contribution of the Chicago School to the contemporary criminological thought. The sociological theories conducted by the School have prompted many researchers to conduct similar research in determining the relationship between race and crime. The chapter is also critical in understanding how the Chicagoan studies have contributed the expansion in criminological research. This chapter will also be helpful in explaining the reason for a high prevalence of crime in cities.
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