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Great Depression

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I’m writing a per to defend my claim base on below information.

On APA format with at least 3 pages and 6 citations

The Great Depression, which began in 1929, hit Americans hard. By 1933, more than a quarter of the population was looking for work. Farms, foreclosed upon by banks, were shutting down by the thousands. In previous eras, Americans who had fallen on hard times would ask for help from family, friends, or community institutions like churches and synagogues. But those all failed too. And so people began asking: Could the federal government help ease depression and poverty? Or would creating new government programs bring new problems?

For more on this topic, see the webtext page “The Second New Deal.”

Primary Sources Secondary Sources
FDR’s Speech on Signing the Social Security Act The Social Security Act (1935) Alf Landon Opposes the Social Security Act (1936) Helvering v. Davis (1936) Jill S. Quadagno, “Welfare Capitalism and the Social Security Act of 1935” Nancy E. Rose, “Work Relief in the 1930s and the Origins of the Social Security Act”

Milestone Three

In his speech about the Social Security Act the president Franklin Delano Roosevelt state that:” This social security measure gives at least some protection to 50 million of our citizens who will reap direct benefits through unemployment compensation, through old-age pensions, and through increased services for the protection of children and the prevention of ill health.” (Roosevelt, 1935) And also he recognizes that it is a beginning of an historical event, acknowledging in advance that the plan may not provide 100 percent satisfaction to the people need but will at least ease the mind of the worker knowing that they are some types of law in place to assist them hardship time. “This law, too, represents a cornerstone in a structure which is being built but is by no means complete. It is a structure intended to lessen the force of possible future depressions” (Roosevelt)

Most of the government law or regulation come from a crisis situation. The great depression enables the government to put a structure in place to provide assistant to the population: the birth of the Social Security Act. “The Social Security Act has formed the basis of the United States welfare system since its enactment in 1935. It establishes the social insurance programs of social security programs and unemployment compensation.” (Rose, 1989, p. 63) “The Social Security Act of 1935, which represented the beginning of the welfare state in the United States, was a conservative measure that tied social insurance benefits to labor force participation and left administration of its public assistance programs to the states” (Quadagno, 1984, p. 632)

In the past crisis the worker can related to a family member, a church or a friend for help. The great depression effect show inefficiencies of the old method and way of life.  Referring to the president Roosevelt speech “today, a hope of many years’ standing is in large part fulfilled. The civilization of the past hundred years, with its startling industrial changes, had tended more and more to make life insecure. Young people have come to wonder what will be there lot when they came to old age. The man with a job has wondered how long the job would last.” (Roosevelt, 1935) He highlights the suffering of the population and many of their questions without an answer.

References

Quadagno, J. S. (1984). Welfare capitalism and the Social Security Act of 1935. American Sociological Review, 49(5), 632–647.

Roosevelt, F. D. (1935). FDR Social Security Act speech [Video file]. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/fdrbig

Rose, N. E. (1989). Work relief in the 1930s and the origins of the Social Security Act. Social Service Review, 63(1), 63–91.

 
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Great Depression Great Depression

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Milestone Three

There were multiple causes of the Great Depression that spread across different countries in the mid-1940s. These causes may include just mentioning but a few, world war one, fall in stock prices, bank failures, reduction in purchasing across board, economic policy and drought conditions. These form the backed up causes that are supported by sufficient theories to help explain the possible causes of the Great Depression as discussed below.

To begin with, the World War One contributed greatly to the Great Depression. The United States entered the war in the late 1917 and thereafter emerged as the major creditor and financier of the post-war restoration. Different countries like France, Germany and Britain needed to rebuild after the war. Germany for instance was burdened with massive war reparations. US banks offered to loan them money. Later when the banks started falling, they needed the money back, a move that caused a lot of financial pressure on the European economy which apparently had not fully recovered from the war. This greatly affected the European economy and that of US paving way for the Great Depression that hit the countries.

The fall in the stock prices was another major cause of the Great Depression. During the 1920s, the US stock market underwent rapid expansion to reach its peak. By this time production had already declined and employment had raised leaving stocks in far much great excess of their actual value. The low wages, the proliferation of debt, a struggling agricultural sector and excess of huge bank loans that could not easily be liquidated all resulted to a drastic drop in the stock prices far much below the expected values. This made the market to go into a free fall resulting to loss of billions of dollars, several investors were wiped out contributing to the depression.

In addition, the bank failures also help explain the cause. After the drastic fall in the stock prices, millions of Americans began to withdraw their money with fear that the banks would fail. Several banks were put on peril. The fear of failing grasp them and indeed the more money were withdrawn by their respective clients, the more the banks deed failed. Likewise, the more the banks were failing, the more the Americans insisted in withdrawing their money and thus this generally led to a drastic failure of several banks in the United States. The move saw several banks collapsing leaving a few also very unstable. This collapse of banks and Americans withdrawing their money from the collapsing banks contributed greatly to the rising of the Great Depression that spread across the country and beyond.

The reduction in purchasing across boards is another factor that helped contribute to the Great Depression. With the stock market crush and fears of further economic woes, Americans from across all social classes stopped purchasing items leading to reduction of the number of item produced which further resulted to a reduction to the labor force. The reduction in labor force further resulted to lose of jobs which made several people unable to pay for the goods they had purchased through credit or through instalment plans. These items were thus repossessed and this was the only way possible to prevent further losses. Loss of jobs rendered many jobless leaving them with no option but to evade further expenditures thus they opted to evading purchase of items. This significantly led to the depression.

To add on these, the economic policy that is the American economic policy with Europe to be precise accelerated the occurrence of the Great Depression. When the government realized that the businesses were beginning to fall, it created the Smoot-Hawley tariff in 1930 to help protect American companies against suffering the same. This charged higher tax on imports with an aim to protect the local companies from harm. The high tax on imports resulted to reduction of trade between America and other countries along with some economic retaliation. Other countries could not keep up with the high tax levied on their exports to America since they realized the harm the move was causing to their exporting companies. They thus resorted to engaging in very little trading with America a move that mutilated American economy as well as there was resultantly little tax received from the imports. This arguably contributed to the occurrence of the Great Depression.

The drought condition also adversely contributed to the occurrence of the Great Depression. When the drought began at around 1930sit worsened the already poor economic condition of the time. Agriculture was greatly affected with the drought hitting the farmers in the Great Plains the hardest.  Many of them had no alternatives but to seek for government assistance. Many of them could not thereafter continue with their operations and were forced to leave their land. Some went to seek alternative sources of income to fend for their families, others resorted to deeded their farms to creditors while others faced foreclosure by banks. The drought greatly affected the expansion of agricultural sector and many farmers suffered massive losses. Agriculture forming the backbone of the economy, having been affected generally led to drastic fall in the entire economy at large. This too contributed to the rising of the Great Depression.

In conclusion, from the above discussion, it is arguably clear that several factors as discussed in one way or the other greatly contributed to the occurrence of the Great Depression.

References

Quadagno, J. S. (1984). Welfare capitalism and the Social Security Act of 1935. American Sociological Review, 49(5), 632–647.

Roosevelt, F. D. (1935). FDR Social Security Act speech [Video file]. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/fdrbig

Rose, N. E. (1989). Work relief in the 1930s and the origins of the Social Security Act. Social Service Review, 63(1), 63–91.

 
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Name: HIS 114 Final Project Milestone Three Rubric

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Milestone One

Thesis Statement:

The great depression left the worker with no mean of subsistence, Help from family, friends or community institutions were not adequate., and The government didn’t have any structure on place to provide proper assistant. all factor into that A creation of  a tax payroll system provide government assistant through diverse welfare program..

Event Description:

“The Great Depression, witch began in 1929, hit American hard. By 1933, more than a quarter of the population was looking for works. Farms, foreclosed upon by banks, were shutting down by the thousands”. (Trowbridge, 2016, p. 1.24)The U.S. Congress enacted the Social Security Act, originally called the “Economic Security Bill,” in August of 1935. The Act was aimed at giving older Americans a pension that would provide them with a reasonable standard of living as they aged. The Social Security Act was politically moderate. The agency created to administer these benefits was to be funded by both employees and their employers, as opposed to using funds collected from general tax money.  (Landon, 1936)AN ACT to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a Social Security Board; to raise revenue; and for other purposes. (Social Security Act, 1935)

References

Landon, A. (1936). “I will not promise the moon.” Vital Speeches of the Day. 3(1), 26–27. Retrieved from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/8128

Social Security Act of 1935, 42 § 301, (1935). Retrieved from http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=68

Trowbridge, D. J. (2016). A history of the United States: 1865 to present. Asheville, NC: Soomo Learning. Available from http://www.webtexts.com

 
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Name: HIS 114 Final Project Milestone Three Rubric

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Rubric Detail

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Name: HIS 114 Final Project Milestone Three Rubric

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Argument: Component 1 Claim11.25 (15%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

States historical claim that supports thesis statement

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

States historical claim, but claim does not support thesis statement or is unclear

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not state historical claim

Feedback:

So now hopefully you can see how these milestones are really focused on putting your essay together. Milestone 3 takes the 3 points of your thesis that you submitted previously and has you defend them with real, supporting evidence from both the primary and secondary sources that are listed. As far as component 1, you clearly state your about World War I.

Argument: Component 1 Evidence0 (0%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

Incorporates logical evidence from primary and secondary sources that supports stated claim, and explains how the evidence supports claim

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

Incorporates evidence from primary and secondary sources and explains how the evidence supports claim, but evidence is not logical for supporting stated claim or explanation has gaps in logic

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not incorporate evidence from primary and secondary sources and explain how it supports claim

Feedback:

You wrote some real good information to support your claim, but I am not sure where this information came from as there are no citations. You have to use citations whenever you are quoting a passage or using specific information learned from a source. Since the rubric requires evidence from both a primary and a secondary source, I cannot award you credit for this section because I have no way of knowing whether you complied with this section. You can resubmit this with proper citations for a higher grade but only under the condition that it is submitted by Sunday the 29th and it will be subject to the 10% late policy deduction.

Argument: Component 2 Claim11.25 (15%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

States historical claim that supports thesis statement

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

States historical claim, but claim does not support thesis statement or is unclear

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not state historical claim

Feedback:

As far as component 2, you clearly state your claim about falling stock prices.

Argument: Component 2 Evidence0 (0%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

Incorporates logical evidence from primary and secondary sources that supports stated claim, and explains how the evidence supports claim

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

Incorporates evidence from primary and secondary sources and explains how the evidence supports claim, but evidence is not logical for supporting stated claim or explanation has gaps in logic

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not incorporate evidence from primary and secondary sources and explain how it supports claim

Feedback:

You wrote some real good information to support your claim, but I am not sure where this information came from as there are no citations. You have to use citations whenever you are quoting a passage or using specific information learned from a source. Since the rubric requires evidence from both a primary and a secondary source, I cannot award you credit for this section because I have no way of knowing whether you complied with this section. You can resubmit this with proper citations for a higher grade but only under the condition that it is submitted by Sunday the 29th and it will be subject to the 10% late policy deduction.

Argument: Component 3 Claim11.25 (15%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

States historical claim that supports thesis statement

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

States historical claim, but claim does not support thesis statement or is unclear

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not state historical claim

Feedback:

As far as component 3, you clearly state your claim about bank failures.

Argument: Component 3 Evidence0 (0%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 11.25 (15%) points

Incorporates logical evidence from primary and secondary sources that supports stated claim, and explains how the evidence supports claim

Needs Improvement 9 (12%) points

Incorporates evidence from primary and secondary sources and explains how the evidence supports claim, but evidence is not logical for supporting stated claim or explanation has gaps in logic

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Does not incorporate evidence from primary and secondary sources and explain how it supports claim

Feedback:

Again, you wrote some real good information to support your claim, but I am not sure where this information came from as there are no citations. You have to use citations whenever you are quoting a passage or using specific information learned from a source. Since the rubric requires evidence from both a primary and a secondary source, I cannot award you credit for this section because I have no way of knowing whether you complied with this section. You can resubmit this with proper citations for a higher grade but only under the condition that it is submitted by Sunday the 29th and it will be subject to the 10% late policy deduction.

Articulation of Response0 (0%)

Levels of Achievement:

Proficient 7.5 (10%) points

Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization

Needs Improvement 6 (8%) points

Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas

Not Evident 0 (0%) points

Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas

Feedback:

Citations! You have to comply with this requirement. Also, I do think it is a good idea if you run your essay by the writing center before submitting it for a final grade. They would have told you about citations as well and helped you with some of the writing errors.

Raw Total: 33.75 (of 75.0)

Name:HIS 114 Final Project Milestone Three Rubric

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