CITI training responsible conduct
1. | According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves: | Making up data or results and recording or reporting them. | |
2. | According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves: | Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data. | |
3. | According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct? | Good mentoring | |
4. | As a first step, what must be done before enrolling a young child in a research protocol: | the risks and benefits must be explained to the child’s parents or legally authorized representative. | |
5. | Data ownership is typically determined by: | The type and source of funds used to support the project. | |
6. | The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who: | Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee. | |
7. | The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher’s conflict of interest can be managed is: | A conflict of interest committee | |
8. | if an employer allows a friendship to interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as: | A personal conflict of interest. | |
9. | If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of: | A conflict of conscience | |
10. | In response to a research misconduct allegation, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry if there is sufficient evidence to proceed? | An investigation | |
11. | In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to: | Whether operationalized concepts actually measure what they purport to measure. | |
12. | The main focus of NIH’s conflict of interest policy is: | Financial conflicts of interest |
13. | The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because: | Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process. | |
14. | Prior to implementing any significant change in the use of animals, what is the most important thing that the research team must do? | Obtain IACUC approval for the change. | |
15. | A research collaboration can be enhanced by: | Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming. | |
16. | A reviewer’s main responsibility is to: | Be professional and prompt. | |
17. | The three ethical principles discussed in the Belmont Report are: | Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice. | |
18. | The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are: | Intellectual merits and broader impacts. | |
19. | What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management? | Confidentiality, availability, and integrity | |
20. | What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office? | It helps researchers to commercialize their work. | |
21. | What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates academic institutions? | It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research. | |
22. | What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor? | After first attempting to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek the counsel of a trusted senior person in the department or organization. | |
23. | What is the most appropriate process for determining which journal a collaborative research team should submit their work to? | It should be discussed early on in the collaboration by the members of the research team. | |
24. | What is the primary purpose of the “3Rs” concept from Russell and Burch? | To decrease the use of animals in research and to minimize pain and distress caused by animal experiments. |
25. | What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies such as an IRB or an IACUC? | To detect compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects. | |
26. | Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers? | The corresponding author. | |
27. | Which entity is responsible for monitoring institutional compliance with PHS Policy? | The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) | |
28. | Which justification would an IACUC most likely accept if a research team plans to withhold pain relief (analgesia) from animals during a project? | … | |
29. | Which of following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project? | The institution where a federally-funded project takes place. | |
30. | Which of following is true about conflicts of interest? | They increase the likelihood of bias. | |
31. | Which of following is true about the management of conflicts of interest? | Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest rather than completely eliminating them. | |
32. | Which of following protocols most likely requires IRB review: | A study to evaluate a newly designed wheelchair by asking elderly individuals to use it. | |
33. | Which of the following best describes when a protocol may be eligible for expedited review by the IRB: | The study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified by the federal government. | |
34. | Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging? | Language barriers and cultural differences among collaborators can complicate communication. | |
35. | Which of the following is an example of plagiarism? | Presenting someone else’s ideas or words and claiming them as one’s own. | |
36. | Which of the following is a responsibility of each author? | Confirming that data have been accurately presented. | |
37. | Which of the following is empowered by the U.S. federal government to review and approve research activities involving vertebrate animals? | The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) |
38. | Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring? | Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee. | |
39. | Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism? | Using materials from a source without proper citation. | |
40. | Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between mentor and trainee? | A faculty member searches out trainees merely for that person’s own career advancement. | |
41. | Which of the following is the general guideline that IACUCs use to evaluate the potential pain of a procedure conducted with animals? | Any procedure that causes pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals. | |
42. | Which of the following is the main reason why proper training in euthanasia techniques is important? | Improper techniques can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals. | |
43. | Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct? | Good mentoring | |
44. | Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship? | Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work. | |
45. | Which of the following is to be avoided when seeking an effective mentor? | Trainees should assume that whoever is assigned to them as the thesis or research adviser will be their best choice for a mentor. | |
46. | Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations? | The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds. | |
47. | Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section? | The contributions of students and technicians are often listed in the acknowledgments section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship. | |
48. | Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship? | Agencies that fund research may include data sharing requirements in their funding contracts. | |
49. | Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research? | Industry sponsors of research may place restrictions on the disclosure of research results. | |
50. | Which of the following is true regarding publishing the same content in multiple papers? | Using the same content in multiple papers is deceptive if it is not properly disclosed. |
51. | Which of the following is true regarding single-blind and double-blind review: | Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer. | |
52. | Which of the following is true regarding the use of animals in research? | The attending veterinarian must be allowed to have access to all research animals at all times. | |
53. | Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy? | To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly. | |
54. | Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment? | It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one’s primary employer. | |
55. | Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest? | It occurs when an institution’s financial interests could interfere with its research activities. | |
56. | Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship? | It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author. | |
57. | Which of the following most accurately describes the process that must occur when working with research animals covered by U.S. federal regulations? | The research team must obtain IACUC approval for the proposed research procedures prior to starting the work. | |
58. | Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the mentoring relationship? | The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations. | |
59. | Which of the following most clearly illustrates an example of an academic conflict of interest? | A researcher becomes overly attached to a specific research outcome. | |
60. | Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring? | A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct. | |
61. | Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection? | Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome. |
62. | Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices? | Different disciplines have different practices about who should be included as an author. | |
63. | Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines? | Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section. | |
64. | Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer? | A reviewer’s conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency | |
65. | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship? | Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks. | |
66. | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals? | Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal. | |
67. | Which of the following statements most clearly illustrates the principle of beneficence: | Determining whether the benefits of a study outweigh the risks. | |
68. | Which of the following studies most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report: | The Tuskegee Study. | |
69. | Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form: | A description of the research’s potential benefits and risks. | |
70. | Which statement best describes the role of an IRB: | a committee that reviews different types of human subjects research. | |
71. | Which statement best describes what an IRB is responsible for reviewing: | Any form of research involving a human subject. | |
72. | Which statement most accurately describes the process leading to the development of the Nuremberg Code: | it was created in response to the harms caused by Nazi researchers around the time of the Second World War. |
73. | Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points on a graph in order to generate a deceptive conclusion? | Falsification |
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