QUESTIONAUG 19, 2017

Discussion board replies (2 – 450 word replies)

Instructions

Reply prompt: Respond to the two discussion questions who reached a different conclusion than you did. Identify the points of difference in your analyses and explain how your sources and analysis led you to your conclusion. Replies must be at least 450 words each discussion reply. Each reply must reference at least 3 scholarly sources and follow current APA format (including both in-text citations and a reference list). You must also support each reply with thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts and include thorough biblical worldview integration.  (900 words total, 2 replies)

Discussion Question #1

Top of Form

            Health insurance in the United States has changed greatly over the past decade. The Affordable Care Act allowed thousands of previously uninsured people to have access to health insurance. Unfortunately, having health insurance does not always equate to having access to health care. There are many populations that have difficulty receiving care.

            One population that is vulnerable to a lack of health care are homeless people. “Across the United States, approximately 578,424 people are homeless each night” and include families, veterans, and children without parents (Shi & Singh, 2017). Providing care to the homeless population is very challenging as the population has a broad range of needs. There are children who need vaccines, single men and women who need care after leaving an abusive relationship, and those who have mental illnesses that either need to be institutionalized or simply need appropriate medication and/or therapy. A major obstacle for providers in the delivery of health care to persons who are homeless, is the lack of a permanent address or traditional way of contacting the patients (McInnes, Li, & Hogan, 2013). This lack of ability to communicate easily causes care to be fragmented as providers are forced to rely on the patient contacting them instead of being able to contact the patient if further treatment is necessary.

            Another challenge homeless individuals face when seeking care is the feeling of be ostracized by the health care community or other people in general (McInnes, Li, & Hogan, 2013). This feeling causes most homeless people to avoid getting routine care and instead rely on more emergency room or urgent care settings to deal with major health issues (Lebrun-Harris, et al., 2013). Unfortunately, urgent or emergency room care is not what most homeless people need. A large percentage of homeless people suffer from some type of chronic illness that needs routine care, such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or mental illnesses (Lebrun-Harris, et al., 2013).

            Another population that has challenges accessing health care are those who live in rural areas. Rural communities, like the homeless community, have a broad range of health care needs. People in these communities also, “face a higher burden of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, mental health disorders, tobacco usage and substance abuse” (Shi & Singh, 2017). One major barrier rural communities have to overcome in accessing care is the lack of medical providers. Most doctors and physicians choose to live in larger cities where the population is greater and the income potential higher. For example, “About 20% of the US population-more than 50 million people-live in rural areas, but only 9% of the nation’s physicians practice in rural communities” (Rosenblatt & Hart, 2000). The lack of local doctors results in people not seeking routine care as it would mean traveling, taking time off of work, or possibly loosing income if they are farmers. So much like the homeless population, those in rural communities depend on hospitals for their care (Greenwood-Ericksen, Tipirneni, & Abir, 2017).

            A final population vulnerable to healthcare access are those who are of racial or ethnic minority categories. These groups include “black or African American (12.3%), Hispanics or Latinos (16.3%), Asians (4.4%), Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (0.1%), American Indian and Alaska Natives (0.9%) or some other race (5.5%)” (Shi & Singh, 2017). Minorities face a number of health challenges compared to Caucasian Americas. For example, American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Hispanic Americans have a higher rate of alcohol abuse, higher homicide rates, and a higher population living below the national poverty line (Shi & Singh, 2017). Black Americans are more likely to die from a stroke or heart disease than white Americans and “Korean Americans have a fivefold incidence of stomach cancer and eightfold incidence of liver cancer compared with whites” (Shi & Singh, 2017).

Another minority group that faces challenges in health care are displaced refugees from war torn areas. Many of these people are new to the United States and do not speak English or even have someone that can take them to their health care appointments. Furthermore, many of them have not had access to any routine care before coming to America. For example, at the community dental clinic I work in we treat a large Arabic population and most of the patients I see have never had any form of dental treatment. As a result, most are scared and unsure of what is going on and compounding this with a language barrier makes treatment very difficult.

Many different populations within the United States struggle with receiving health care. As a country we need to work together to overcome some of these barriers to care. As Jeremiah 22:3 states, “This is what the Lord says: Be fair-minded and just. Do what is right! Help those who have been robbed; rescue them from their oppressors…Do not mistreat foreigners, orphans, and widows…”.

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