In a cognitive psychology experiment, the researcher is interested in whether encoding condition has an effect on

memory for a list of words. She recruits 16 subjects to participate in the experiment. Each subject comes to the lab twice to be tested in two different encoding conditions and their memory performance scores are listed below. The researcher would like to leave the hypothesis non-directional without predicting which encoding condition would lead to better memory, and she sets the significance level at α = .05 for a two-tailed test.

Subject ID Encoding A Encoding B

1 87 85

2 80 81

3 80 76

4 76 78

5 86 87

6 78 68

7 83 85

8 82 79

9 92 90

10 90 85

11 80 81

12 80 76

13 76 78

14 89 87

15 80 79

16 90 90

a. Identify the dependent variable and the independent variable

b. What would be the null and alternative hypotheses in both words and symbol notations?

• Perform the steps below to get the t statistic for the sample:

c. Calculate the difference scores

d. Mean of sample

e. Estimated population standard deviation

f. Standard error

g. Calculated t statistic

• With the calculated t statistic, perform the following steps to conclude the hypothesis test.

h. Critical t value

i. Compare the t statistic with the critical t value. Is the calculated t statistic more extreme or less extreme than the critical t value? Then make a decision about the hypothesis test, stating explicitly “reject” or “fail to reject” accordingly.

j. Interpret the result to answer the research question

k. Calculate the standardized effect size of this hypothesis test

 

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