need help with answering the following question, attached is a document with helpful information and links.

need help with answering the following question, attached is a document
with helpful information and links. please provide a detailed in depth answer:

ACA has transformed health care delivery by the implementation of the “models of health care”. How do these models improve patient outcomes and how are they cost effective?

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Helpful Notes/LinksWeek 3: Major Health Policy, Part IUnit OutcomesThis week, you willfind and describe benefits on a state health insurance exchange in one or more statesdiscuss the models of care emerging out of the ACA and how each model aims to reducecosts and improve quality of and access to careUnit OrientationCoordination of medical services is a hallmark of the health care offered to individual patientsthrough the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model and to patient populations throughthe accountable care organization (ACO) model.Thepatient-centered medical home (PCMH)is a health-care delivery model put forth by theACA and employed by states that can accommodate fee-for-service arrangements, rewardsthrough shared savings, and the provision of start-up funds to enable changes for a long-termshift in service delivery. The PCMH can incorporate Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurancein models of care shaped by the ACA and, in many cases, state government legislative andrulemaking initiatives.Theaccountable care organization (ACO)is a model promoted by the ACA in which doctors,hospitals, and other health care providers voluntarily organize to provide high-quality andcoordinated care to Medicare patients. Quality of care and patient outcomes will be the indicatorsof success for the PCMH, the ACO, and the other structures initiated or supported by the ACA.Federal standards have been established to guide health policy implementation related to thePCMH and ACO. In outpatient settings, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)recommendations help to ensure the quality of medical services provided to individuals, and thefederally sanctioned, nonprofit National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) issuesstandards for medical services delivery systems for the PCMH. Criteria for inpatient care andmedical service delivery have been established at the federal and state levels, as is evidenced bythe protocols that govern acute stroke care and ACO operational design.Highly visible policy discussions focus on long-term solutions for sustaining Medicare as thecosts of care increase and the US population ages. The Medicare discussion is multifaceted,touching on financial modeling, needs-based considerations, and social determinants of health.
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Patients and providers represent strong and divergent stakeholder perspectives in this debate, thecontentiousness of which is partially to blame for the failure of policymakers to effectivelyrespond. The Kaiser Family Foundation is an unbiased source of emerging policy options forMedicare. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) regularly researches andpublishes information on the program.State Certificate of Need (CON) programs aim to reduce health care costs. They curb theexpansion of unnecessary medical facilities and the purchase of unnecessary equipment byrequiring justification of the need for those acquirements. A certificate is granted when an entitysubmits an application and receives approval from the oversight group for health planning in thatparticular geographic location. If a group home for disabled adults wants to purchase three newfacilities, for example, it may need approval through a CON process as well as through ademonstration of compliance with local zoning regulations.LinksThe Humphrey School of Public Affairs. The Hubert Project: Video: MultilevelImplementation Analysis.http://www.hubertproject.org/hubert-material/350/The Humphrey School of Public Affairs. The Hubert Project: Video: BackwardMapping.http://www.hubertproject.org/hubert-material/349/Kaiser Family Foundation. (January, 2013). Policy Options to Sustain Medicare for theFuture.http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/8402.pdfThe Common Wealth Fund (2014) Implementing The Affordable Care Act: The State of theStates.http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/fund-report/2014/jan/1727_keith_implementing_aca_state_of_states.pdf?la=enThe Common Wealth Fund (2012)State Medicaid Directors are Driving PaymentReform.http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Blog/2012/Sep/State-Medicaid-Directors-Are-Driving-Payment-and-Delivery-System-Reform.aspxNCSL (2013). Medicaid and CHIPhttp://www.ncsl.org/research/health/medicaid-home-page.aspx(Reference Document) The Patient Accountability and Affordable Care Act 2010 Public Law111-148 of the 111thCongresshttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW-111publ148.pdf
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