P.T. is a 61-year-old male who is seen in follow-up. He was initially seen for

evaluation of dysphagia. An endoscopy was negative for malignancy and subsequent esophageal manometry supported a diagnosis of esophageal achalasia. While discussing implications and treatment options with P.T., the AGACNP tells him that the primary complication of achalasia is:

A. Progressive esophageal discomfort      B. Aspiration pneumonia      C. Squamous cell carcinoma D.Long-term malabsorption problems