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[1]
What are the atomic number, mass number, and element formed when polonium-218 emits a beta particle? What are they if the polonium emits an alpha particle?

[2] The isotope cesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years. It is a by product of nuclear power plants. How long will it take this isotope to decay to 1/16 of its original amount?

[3] A certain radioactive substance has a half-life of 1 hour. If you start with a 1024 g sample at noon, how much is left at 3:00 PM? At 6:00 PM? At 10:00 PM?

[4] Some asteroid fragments end up on the surface of Earth. These fragments can be radioactive. What is the chief cause of radioactivity? Given a radiation detector that can ONLY measure the amount of radiation, how could you determine which type of radiation was being emitted?

[5] In nuclear fission and fusion reactions mass is converted into energy. The average person in US uses around 100,000,000 J of energy per year.

(a) Calculate the yearly energy consumption for a US population of 300 million.
(b) Using Einstein’s famous formula, E = m c^2, calculate the energy that would be released if a 60 kg person were converted entirely into energy.
(c) How many years would this amount of energy support a population of 300 million?

[6] The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 amu, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 amu. 92.58% of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42% are lithium-6. Use this information to calculate the atomic mass of lithium.

[7] You are given samples of the elements argon, bromine, and sulfur. Which of these elements is most similar to chlorine? Defend your answer using your knowledge of the periodic table.

[8] What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of ions?
K+ and Cl−
Mg2+ and Cl−
Mg2+ and Se2−
Mg2+ and N3−
Al3+ and S2−

 
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