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The history of UNIX

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Need a reply for this post.. The history of UNIX starts back in 1969, when Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others started working on the “little-used PDP-7 in a corner” at Bell Labs and what was to become UNIX. It had an assembler for a PDP-11/20, file system, fork(), roff and ed. It was used for text processing of patent documents. File system hierarchy which includes demount-able volumes, compatible file, and inter-process I/O. Because the hierarchy of file system in MULTICS (UNIX predecessor) was complex and resources were expensive, unlike UNIX. The Evolution of Linux. Linux is an operating system for personal computers developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Initially, Linux supported only the Intel 80×86 processor. Over the years, support has been added so that Linux can run on various other processors. Linux is open source and therefore provides more security, as a bug is found it is fixed within days whereas for Unix user have to wait for the next patch. Also, thousands of developers are working on Linux making it better every day. Android is an open-source operating system written in Linux and basically designed for smartphones and tablets. It was launched in 2008 in a smartphone HTC Dream. The use of Virtual Machine for running of applications because it is compact and optimized for slow CPUs of mobile devices with limited storage, no swap space, and a limited battery source. Need a reply for this post.. Unix was released in 1970 by Bell Labs and made a landmark in history by being the first to demonstrate the power of an OS written in a high-level language like C (Stallings 2018). Overtime the processes and services available grew and were added in a modular fashion. Oracle’s Solaris eventually emerged which provided SMP support as well as a multi-threaded kernel (Stallings 2018). Linux’s early version was a UNIX variant posted in 1991. Thanks to the communicative power of the Internet Linux would truly become a team project where individuals across the globe would contribute to the OS. It benefits greatly from the modular style of coding that UNIX used as modules can be quickly loaded and unloaded from the Linux kernel (Stallings 2018). Additionally developers could focus on specific modules to send to Linus Torvalds instead of disorganized pieces of code. Over time the community added many features to turn Linux into what we know it as today. Android built off the success of Linux in two ways: first by modifying the Linux kernel while keeping some of its basic functionalities and second by enjoying the open source nature of Linux through the release of the Android Open Source Project code (Stallings 2018). Developers can modify and distribute their own versions of Android (as often seen by companies like Amazon). I think the major change in this line of evolution as a whole is Android’s goal to be a mobile OS. Smartphones have rose to prominence in a groundbreaking way and almost everyone owns one these days. Android dominates in the mobile market and for good reason thanks to its Android Runtime and adjustments to the Linux kernel. I think this change occurred because developers like Andy Rubin knew that the ability to have access to the Internet from your pocket would be a revolutionary global phenomenon and the first few mobile operating systems that achieved a solid connection experience would be a part of it (Dobie 2015). Add in the open source capabilities of Android and it certainly looked like a recipe for success. Google agreed with that statement in 2005 when they acquired Android Inc. to compete with Microsoft and Blackberry (Dobie 2015), and the rest is history. Sources: Dobie, Alex, et al. “Android Pre-History.” Android Central, Mobile Nations, 21 Oct. 2015, www.androidcentral.com/android-pre-history. Stallings, William. Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles. 9th ed., Pearson, 2018.

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