You are interested in a new job opportunity as a junior analyst and have been advised to research different organisations. You are required to investigate and explain three different types of organisations, their size and classification to highlight differences between them. This should include their legal structure, size and scope, as well as their key stakeholders (It is recommended that one of your chosen organisations is your current workplace). You are to ensure you can gather the information required to complete this assignment. One of the organisations must be a multinational.

TASK 1
Task 1 – Overall Word Count is 1,000 words
 
Reading Note for Question 1
Organisational Sectors
The private sector is the part of a country’s economic system that is run by individuals and companies, rather than the government. Most private sector organisations are run with the intention of making profit. The segment of the economy under control of the government is known as the public sector.
The public sector is usually composed of organisations that are owned and operated by the government. This includes federal, provincial, state, or municipal governments, depending on where you live.
The purpose of the voluntary sector is to improve and enrich society. It exists to create social wealth rather than material wealth. It is sometimes referred to as civil society, the third sector, the voluntary and community, non-profit, not-for-profit, charity, social and even beyond profit sector. It is made up of many different categories of activity affecting many aspects of society. The various terms are used by different people to include different combinations of activity which can be confusing. It is separate from government and exists to make a difference to society rather than to make financial profits.
Industry Sectors
There are three broad sectors of the economy:

• The primary sector involves extracting and harvesting natural products from the earth (mining, agriculture and fishing).
• The secondary sector consists of taking the products from the primary sector and doing something more with them.
• The tertiary sector provides a service, such as retail services, entertainment or financial services. Some people also distinguish a fourth sector, which is made up of intellectual activities, such as education.

Organisational structures
Organisations are set up in specific ways to accomplish different goals, and the structure of an organisation can help or hinder its progress toward accomplishing these goals. Organisations large and small can achieve higher sales and other profit by properly matching their needs with the structure they use to operate. There are three main types of organisational structure: functional, divisional and matrix structure.
 
Multinational and International Company-What is the difference?
International companies have no foreign direct investments (FDI) and make their product or service only in their home country. In other words, they’re exporters and importers. They have no staff, warehouses, or sales offices in foreign countries.
 
Multinational companies cross the FDI threshold. They do not have coordinated product offerings in each country. More focused on adapting their products and service to each individual local market. Coca-Cola, Nike, McDonalds, Google and FedEx are some examples of multinational companies.
Global companies have investments in dozens of countries but maintain a strong headquarters in one, usually their home country. Generally, one corporate office that is responsible for global strategy. Emphasis on volume, cost management and efficiency.
 
Transnational companies are often very complex and extremely difficult to manage. They invest directly in dozens of countries and experience strong pressures both for cost reduction and local responsiveness. These companies may have a global headquarters, but they also distribute decision-making power to various national headquarters, and they have dedicated R&D activities for different national markets.
 
Size – A local grocery store, run by the owner and employing perhaps two further people, would be an example of a so-called micro-business (usually fewer than 5 people). A large supermarket chain with stores in multiple locations in several countries and employing dozens of people in each store, as well as many more in its headquarters, warehouses and transportation fleet, would be an example of a large multinational business. There are many medium-sized enterprises in between small and
medium-sized enterprises actually making up over 90% of the number of businesses in most countries (although they do not employ over 90% of all employees or make over 90% of all business deals).
 
 
 
https://www.slideshare.net/BusEd/different-types-of-business-organisation-Video on the difference sectors
 
http://www.businesslincolnshire.com/business-guidance/complying-with-the-law/legal-structure-of-yourbusiness-Help on legal structures
 
https://www.kcsc.org.uk/sites/kcsc.org.uk/files/documents/funding/PM%20D%20Legal%20structures%20for %20voluntary%20organisations.pdf -Voluntary Sector information
 
https://www.kcsc.org.uk/sites/kcsc.org.uk/files/documents/funding/PM%20D%20Legal%20structures%20for %20voluntary%20organisations.pdf- Information on Royal Charters
 
https://www.kcsc.org.uk/sites/kcsc.org.uk/files/documents/funding/PM%20D%20Legal%20structures%20for %20voluntary%20organisations.pdf -PLC information
 
http://www.learnmanagement2.com/organisational%20functions.htm- Information on the different functions
 
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/different-types-organizational-structure-723.html
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scenario:  You are interested in a new job opportunity as a junior analyst and have been advised to research different organisations. You are required to investigate and explain three different types of organisations, their size and classification to highlight differences between them. This should include their legal structure, size and scope, as well as their key stakeholders (It is recommended that one of your chosen organisations is your current workplace). 
You are to ensure you can gather the information required to complete this assignment. One of the organisations must be a multinational.
 
Question 1: Explain the different types, size and scope of your chosen organisations?
 (Three organisations, one being a multinational)

 
 
Reading Note for Question 2
 
Business Legal Structure
Businesses not only vary in size and industry but also in their ownership. Some are owned by just one person or a small group of people, some are owned by large numbers of shareholders, some are owned by charitable foundations or trusts, and some are even owned by the state. Different ownership structures overlap with different legal forms that a business can take. A business’s legal and ownership structure determines many of its legal responsibilities, including the paperwork that the owners need to complete in order to set up the business, the taxes the business has to pay, how profits from the business are distributed, and the owners’ personal responsibilities if the business makes a loss or goes bankrupt. After deciding to establish a business, you must choose the type of legal structure that best suits your business. Most small businesses start out as either a sole proprietorship or partnership, but other options may be better for your particular business.

Sole Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Limited Liability Company
Legal and ownership structures, business size and industry sector are not entirely independent of each other. For example, most sole traders tend to be small businesses, not least because a single individual rarely has the financial capacity to finance a very large business, nor the desire to be personally liable with all that they own if a large business were to run into financial issues. Certain industry sectors require large businesses. For example, it is not viable to run a small steel works because the physical and financial investment required are so large. In other cases, industry sector and legal form are closely related. For example, law firms and some other professional service firms with more than one professional working in them in the United Kingdom are legally required to be set up as partnerships and no other ownership or legal structure is permitted.
Following on from question 1:
Question 2. Explain the legal structures associated with your chosen organisations (e.g. sole traders, partnerships and private limited companies)
Public
Analyse how the structure, size and scope of Public organisations link to the business objectives and product and services offered by the organisation.
Private
Analyse how the structure, size and scope of Private organisations link to the business objectives and product and services offered by the organisation.
Voluntary
Analyse how the structure, size and scope of Voluntary organisations link to the business objectives and product and services offered by the organisation.
 
Reading Note for Question 3
Goals and Objectives
And at first glance, there might not be anything wrong with using the words as synonyms. They’re all focused on achievement, right? Not a big deal. But then, maybe it is important to differentiate them. Here are the definitions of each with an example:
Goals are an observable and measurable end result having one or more objectives to be achieved. Goals are typically broad in scope. For example, a goal might be for an organisation to “increase profits”. Or an individual might have a goal to “become certified”.
Objectives are a specific result you’re trying to achieve within a time frame and with available resources. They’re considered more specific and easier to measure than a goal. Think of them as the steps you will take to achieve the goal. Using the examples above, a company’s objective might be to “Call all existing customers in Q3 with a special promotion to increase sales.”. For an individual, the objective might be to “Research all relevant HR certifications and register for the exam before the end of the year.”
Outcomes are the measurement and evaluation of an activity’s results against their intended or projected results. Outcomes are what you hope to achieve when you accomplish the goal. Again, using the above examples, the organisation’s outcome might be to “increase profit by 50 percent over last quarter”. That’s what the company is trying to do. For an individual, the outcome could be “get a new job” or “get a pay increase” as a result of earning a certification.
Mission Statement and Vision Statement a Mission Statement defines the company’s business, its objectives and its approach to reach those objectives. A Vision Statement describes the desired future position of the company. Elements of Mission and Vision Statements are often combined to provide a statement of the company’s purposes, goals and values. The development process requires managers to:

• Clearly identify the corporate culture, values, strategy and view of the future by interviewing employees, suppliers and customers
• Address the commitment the firm has to its key stakeholders, including customers, employees, shareholders and communities
• Ensure that the objectives are measurable, the approach is actionable, and the vision is achievable
• Communicate the message in clear, simple and precise language
• Develop buy-in and support throughout the organisation.

 
Core Values – values are the principles and ideals that bind the organisation together including the customers, employees, vendors, and all stakeholders. They are developed to frame an ethical context for the organisation, and to many they are the “ethical standards” the foundation for decision making within the organisation. All leadership must operate from the same ethical frame of reference so that decisions of one will mirror the decisions of others. Values are critically important because those who have the same value systems, or core values, tend to succeed within the organisation, while those who do not share that set of values generally do not succeed. As employees are faced with daily decision-making, the core values will serve as the guidelines. When managers’ and employees’ values do not match those of the organisation – stated or implied – the results could be turnover, decreased productivity, dissatisfaction.
 
Using your findings above;
Question 3. Choose one of the organisations and identify the organisational goals and objectives (values, mission and vision statement)
 
Reading Note for Question 4
Organisational Functions
In order to produce and sell their product or service most organisations will need to undertake 6 key functions.

• Design and Production
• Finance
• Human Resources
• Sales and Marketing
• Administration
• Research and Development.

Organisational Structure

Businesses function most efficiently when all employees understand their jobs and the proper procedures. Setting up an organisational structure helps employees understand what their roles are within the company and who to address when decisions must be made. A strong organisational structure keeps your business running smoothly with a clear plan for overcoming obstacles.

The basic function of an organisational structure is to provide a clear chain of command and define which employees report to which managers. Many companies use multiple levels of management, where an associate report to a manager who then reports to a director. The directors often report directly to the owners. The structure also shows who conducts performance evaluations for which employee: managers for associates and directors for managers, for example.
Creating an organisational structure usually helps define teams who work closely together. These teams can be organised by department type, such as accounting or marketing, or by geographic region, such as all sales and administrative staff serving the Southeast. A team can also include all staff working on a specific project or product. The structure sets the teams, which typically report to the same manager or director. This helps ensure that all the staff members on the team are working toward the same goal, have well-defined job duties and can get to know each other to help balance each other’s’ strengths and weaknesses. Please refer to reading note for further information on organisational structures.
 
Question 4.
(a) Explain how the organisational functions work together to achieve the organisational objectives (consider the organisational structure, hierarchal, horizontal, matrix)
 
(b) Provide a critical analysis of the complexities of different types of business structures and the interrelationships of the different organisational functions.
 
 
References
 
 
 
 
 
Bibliography

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