A psychologist watches the rapid eye movements of sleeping subjects and wakes them to assess their experiences they report that they were dreaming. She concluded that dreams are linked to rapid eye movements. This conclusion is based on A. Pure speculation. B. Direct observation. C. Deduction from direct observation. D. Prior prediction.
10. A psychologist watches the rapid eye movements of sleeping subjects and wakes them to assess their
experiences they report that they were dreaming. She concluded that dreams are linked to rapid eye movements. This conclusion is based on A. Pure speculation. B. Direct observation. C. Deduction from direct observation. D. Prior prediction.
11. A correlational study is one that determines A. The relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.
B. The effects of the observer on the observed. C. Cause-effect relationships. D. The relationship between two events.
12. A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them A. Randomly from the larger population. B. Strictly from volunteers. C. By threatening or coercing institutionalized populations. D. From confidential lists of mail order firms.
13. Subjects are randomly assigned to either the control or the experimental group to test the degree of relationship, what statistical test can be used? A. Man-Whitney U B. t-test for single sample C. ANCOVA D. one-way ANOVA
14. A researcher conducts an experiment on the effects of a drug to control hallucinations. He declares the results to be “statistically significant,” which usually means that A. Even though appropriate statistics were used, no differences could be detected between experimental and control groups. B. The results have important implications for theory or practice. C. Differences between experimental and control groups of this size occur by chance only 5 times out of 100 (or less). D. Differences between experimental and control groups were so large they could never occur by chance alone.
15. The researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. He compares test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in this experiment? A. The presence or absence of music B. The students’ test scores C. The amount of time allowed for the studying D. Silence
16. Data collected in research studies can be classified into four types: A. nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio B. Discrete, continuous, univariate, multivariate C. parametric, non parametric, discrete, continuous D. None of the above
17. An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is A. Learning. B. The size of the group. C. The material studied. D. Music.
18. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it A. Allows mathematical relationships to be established. B. Provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared. C. Balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables. D. Is not really necessary.
19. Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the strongest relationship between two sets of variables? A. -0.98
B. 0.90 C. 0.00 D. 1.20
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