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Question

1.

1. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 8) Water’s functions critical to life include: 

(Points : 2)

        Dissolving and transporting fats 

        Accounting for blood volume, blood pressure, and regulating fluid balance 

        Helping to maintain body temperature 

        Protecting and lubricating joints and tissue 

Question 2.

2. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 4) Which of the following accurately explain the role of beta Carotene in the body? 

(Points : 2)

        Beta Carotene is the active form of Vitamin A.  

        The body can convert beta Carotene to vitamin A. 

        Beta Carotene is classified as a carotenoid, a class of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties preventing harmful effects of oxidation in the lipid portion of our cell membranes and in our LDLs. 

        Beta Carotene is fat soluble and in particular helps prevent night blindness and other eye problems.  

Question 3.

3. (TCO 3) Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that we store in excess amounts in the liver and adipose tissue. Secondly, Vitamin D is different from other nutrients, in that it does not need to come from the diet, as we can synthesize it by using energy from exposure to sunlight. In addition to being a vitamin, Vitamin D is also considered to be a hormone because it is made in one part of the body, yet regulates various activities in other parts of the body. Vitamin D bone related functions include which of the following? 

(Points : 2)

        Cartilage skeletal construction within the developing fetus  

        Works with ADH and calcitonin to regulate blood plasma levels 

        Works with osteoclasts to break down bone when calcium is needed elsewhere in the body. 

        Regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine. 

Question 4.

4. Please Match the following processing steps by which the body converts sunlight to active Vitamin D in the body. 

(Points : 2) 

Potential Matches:1 : In the skin 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol, an inactive form of Vitamin D, also called provitamin D3.  

2 : Ultraviolet rays of the Sun hit our skin, reacting with 7-dehydrocholesterol. 

3 : The liver will then convert cholecalciferol, an inactive form of Vitamin D to calcidiol. 4 : The calcidiol will then travel to the kidneys, where it is converted into calcitriol, which is considered the primary active form of Vitamin D in our bodies. 

    Answer     : Step 1 

     : Step 2 

     : Step 3 

     : Step 4 

Question 5.

5. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 6) Body Mass Index is a measurement representing the ratio of a person’s body weight to his or her height. Which of the following would illustrate Body Mass Index’s value as a measurement tool? 

(Points : 2)

        BMI cannot tell us how much of a person’s body mass is composed of fat nor where on the body excess fat is stored. 

        BMI is calculated using Quetelet’s index, and research studies show that a person’s risk for Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and other diseases increases when one’s BMI is above a value of 30. 

        BMI does not take bone and muscle loss in older people into account. 

        BMI below 18.5 is also associated with increased risk of health problems and mortality. 

        BMI does not take physical and metabolic differences between people of different ethnic groups and backgrounds. 

Question 6.

6. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 10) The female athlete triad syndrome is considered dangerous because not only is the athlete engaging in bulimic and/or anorexia-like behaviors, but they also have irregular menstrual cycles with reduced estrogen and progesterone levels, putting them at risk for a loss of bone mineral density. Which of the following medical disorders frequently seen in female athletes accurately describes the female athlete triad:  

(Points : 2)

        disordered eating 

        early onset of arthritis  

        menstrual dysfunction 

        infertility 

        osteoporosis 

        fibrosis 

Question 7.

7. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

Health concerns associated with chronic dieting include 

(Points : 2)

        Poor nutrient and energy intake: Restricting energy to less than 1,600 calories for an extended period of time, makes it impossible to obtain adequate nutrients. 

        Decreased total daily energy expenditure: Dieting often limits the amount of energy. Over an extended period of time this may decrease your BMR at a greater rate than your change in body size. This decrease of one’s BMR actually results in an increase in calorie requirements, possibly resulting in nutrient deficiencies. 

        Decreased ability to exercise: Chronic dieting may decrease one’s energy to exercise removing the health benefits associated with cardiovascular exercise and weight resistance exercise,  

        Increases in psychiatric disorders: Repeated failure to keep off weight due to the yo-yo effect may lead to increased rates of depression and may also lead to increased rates of developing a psychiatric eating disorder:  

        Increased rates of breast cancer (especially in women): The female breast (and to a lessor extent in males) stores fats for the production of milk. Alternating gain and loss of fat leads to increased rates of chromosomal damage, leading to increased rates of breast cancer.  

Question 8.

8. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 10) As a known teratogen, alcohol readily crosses the placenta and accumulates in the fetal bloodstream. The immature fetal liver cannot readily metabolize alcohol and its presence in the fetal tissues is associated with a variety of birth defects. The effects are dose dependent: the more that the mother drinks, the greater the potential harm to the fetus. Heavy drinking (more than three drinks per day) throughout pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome children may have 

(Points : 2)

        a greater susceptibility to alcoholism 

        characteristic malformations 

        a higher mortality rate 

emotional and social behavioral problems throughout life. 

        emotional and social behavioral problems throughout life. 

        learning and developmental problems throughout life. 

        pediatric liver failure 

Question 9.

9. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 2) Folate is critical for the prevention of neural defects in the developing embryo and in the fetus. Folate functions also include a role in 

(Points : 2)

        a role in the synthesis of DNA 

        a role in the metabolism of many of the essential amino acid, methionine along with Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12. 

        a role in red blood cell synthesis. 

        elevating the blood levels of homocysteine. 

        a role in reducing risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease. 

Question 10.

10. For the following Multiple Answer Question choose all correct answers. 

(TCO 8) Although parents can still serve as role models, adolescents are generally strongly influenced by their peers, preferences, and their own identity when it comes to making food choices. Which of the following accurately reflect common reasons why adolescents may be at risk for poor nutrition? 

(Points : 2)

        Lack of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains in the diet. 

        Inadequate calorie consumption  

        Eating on the run 

        Skipping meals 

        Eating fast food. 

 

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