PSYC-2004-1,Motivation and Emotion.<br/>Learning Resources<br/>Please

read and view (where applicable) the following Learning Resources before you complete this week’s assignments.
Readings

-Course Text: Motivation: Biological, Psychological, and Environmental
-Chapter 9, “Personality and Motivation”
-Article: Lo, C., H., C., Chen, S., Ohashi, M &amp; Cheng, C. (2011). The psychology of strengths and weaknesses: Assessing self-enhancing and self-critical tendencies in eastern and western cultures. Self and Identity, 10, 203-212. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.This article describes cultural differences in self-enhancing and self-critical tendencies.Web Sites

-The Myers &amp; Briggs Foundation. (n.d.). Extraversion or introversion. Retrieved February 19, 2009, fromhttp://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/extraversion-or-introversion.aspThe Myers &amp; Briggs Foundation distinguishes between introversion and extraversion and helps readers determine which personality type best identifies them.Optional Resource

-Article: Markus, H., &amp; Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-9 69.This article defines possible selves and their relationship to self-concept theory.With these Learning Resources in mind, please proceed to the Application
Application: Self-Enhancing Motivations
Personality traits affect motivation in that traits determine the different values that people place on incentives. People differ in personality traits and this helps to understand why they are motivated by different incentives and goals. The development of a self-concept depends on gaining knowledge about oneself and one’s traits. Motivation regarding self-knowledge involves self-enhancement, which refers to the desire to learn positive things about the self. For example, a person would like to learn that she is good, moral, attractive, pleasant, and capable (Deckers, 2010). Cross-cultural researchers have explored the ways in which self and identity are determined by cultural values and beliefs. In the study that you read about, the researchers examined to what extent self-perceptions of personal strengths and weaknesses may be influenced by cultural emphasis on either self-enhancement or self-criticism. Based on the pattern of the results, the degree to which self-enhancing tendencies are cross-culturally widespread can be understood. The concepts of self-enhancing and self-critical tendencies can also be applied to understanding how personality traits affect motivation and how this varies across cultures.

To prepare for this assignment:

-Review Chapter 9 in your textbook, Motivation: Biological, Psychological, and Environmental. Pay particular attention to the section on how personality traits affect motivation.
-Review the article “The psychology of strengths and weaknesses: Assessing self-enhancing and self-critical tendencies in eastern and western cultures.”
-Think about the concepts of self-criticism and self-enhancement .
-Think about how personality traits affect motivation and how varying levels of the Big Five personality traits could translate into self-enhancing or self-critical tendencies.
-Think about the difference between positive and negative self-concepts in Western and non-Western cultures.The assignment (1–2 pages):

-Briefly describe the magnitude of your self-enhancing and self-critical tendencies in the context of the Lo, Chen, Ohashi, and Cheng (2011) article.
-What is a self-enhancing motivation? Discuss how self-enhancing motivation manifests itself in Eastern vs. Western cultures.
-Describe how varying levels of the Big Five personality traits could translate into self-enhancing or self-critical tendencies.
-Discuss how personality traits differ in the manner in which they motivate behaviorSupport your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources not included in the Learning Resources for this course.