ASSIGNMENT:
NEW! “ECONO-MAGIC” document. (worth 40%) Four pages with solid ideas with economic reasoning about one of the follow topics.

1. Innovation Economics. How to put Canada on the map! Your dream for a smarter and more successful Canada
2. Financial Centre. How to take thunder away from NYC and London. What necessary success factors are needed to put Toronto in the big league of finance.
3. How to build a Canadian multinational. How can / should the government help?
4. Incoming FDI in free fall….. how to get business back to Canada? How to optimize outcomes?
5. The global university experience. Your dream format!

NOTE : YOU ARE ALLOWED TO DO THE “ECONO-MAGIC” paper with multiple people. # Pages =  # persons x 4pages each.  Focus on Substance! No filler. Share the dream and back it up with facts/figures/graphs/theories/concepts/benchmarks etc.
 
 

1. Course Outline

 
Selected readings will be provided during the course. No need to purchase the book!
 
. Reference Text book: Buckley, Peter J. and M. Casson (2010) “The Multinational Enterprise Revisited” Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK
 
Other texts:
 
See attached literature list.
 
The objective of the course is to provide the students with an overview of the academic literature on the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The theory will be related to practical examples and applications.
 
 
Week 1:          Introduction: MNE and Foreign Direct Investment
Rugman, Alan M. and Brewer, T.L. (2001). “The Oxford Handbook of International Business”, Oxford University Press, New York, USA
–    Wilkins, Mira. “The History of Multinational Enterprise” pp3-35 Ch1
–     Dunning, John H. “The Key Literature on IB Activities: 1960-2000”          pp 36-68 Ch 2
–     Markusen, James R. “International Trade Theory and International Business”     pp69-87 Ch 3
Buckley, Peter J. and Casson, M. (2010). “The Multinational Enterprise Revisited” Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK . Chapter 1, 3
 
 
Week 2:          History and Theory of the MNE. Overview of key literature on MNE
–     Hennart, Jean-Francois, “Theories of Multinational Enterprise”  pp127-149.  Ch 5
 
 
 
 
 
Week 3:          MNE and Strategy, Organizational design.
–     Buckley, Peter/Casson, M. “Strategic Complexity in IB”pp88-126Ch4
–     Tallman, Stephen B/Yip, G.S. “Strategy and the MNE”p317-348Ch12

• Westney, D. Eleanor and Zaheer, S. “The MNE as an Organization” pp349-379 Ch13
• Birkinshaw, Julian “Strategy and Management in MNE Subsidiaries” pp380-401 Ch14

Kim, Chan W. and Mauborgne, R. (2005). “Blue Ocean Strategy, How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant” Harvard Business School Press, Boston, USA
Cohen, Stephen D. (2007). “Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment” Avoiding Simplicity Embracing Complexity” Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
 
Week 4:          MNE, Innovation and Knowledge. Platform companies and big data. From Multinational to Extraterrestial companies.
–    Cantwell, John “Innovation and Information Technology in the MNE” pp431-456 Ch 16
Atkinson, Robert D., S.J. Ezell (2012), “Innovation Economics, The Race for Global Advantage”. Yale University Press
Swann, G.M.Peter (2009), “The Economics of Innovation, An Introduction” Edward Elgar Publishing, UK
Thiel, Peter (2014) “From Zero to One, Notes on Start-ups or How  to Build the Future” Crown Business,

• “Google Analytics”

 
Week 5:          MNE and Location Decisions and Competitiveness/Market Entry/Timing.
–    Rugman, Alan M. and Verbeke, A. “Location, Competitiveness, and the MNE”  pp 150-180. In: Rugman/Brewer. Ch 6
– Buckley and Casson, “ The Multinational Enterprise Revisited”, 2010. Ch 2.
 
Week 6:          Country Competitiveness Rankings/Competitive Advantage
Porter, Michael E. (1998). “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, The Free Press, New York, USA
 
READING WEEK: SATURDAY, FEB. 15 – SUNDAY, FEB. 23, 2020
Week 7:          Emerging Economies.
Moran, Theodore H., Graham, E. M., and Blomstrom, M. (2005). “Does    Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development” Institute for International Economics, Center for Global Development, Washington DC, USA

• Smarzynska Javorcik, Beata and Spatareanu, M. “Disentangling FDI Spillover Effects: What Do Firm Perceptions Tell Us?” pp 45-71
• Long, Guoqiang “China’s Policies on FDI: Review” pp 315-336
• Moss, Todd J. et al “Is Africa’s Skepticism of Foreign Capital Justified? Evidence from East African Firm Survey Data” pp 337-366

 
Buckley, Peter J. (2006).  “The Multinational Enterprise and the Globalization of Knowledge”, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK

• Buckley Peter J. “Asian Network Firms: An Analytical Framework” pp53-73
• Buckley, Peter J., et al “United States FDI into Canada: An Emprical Analysis with Emphasis on the Free Trade Hypothesis” pp130-149
• Buckley, Peter J. and Meng, C. “ The Strategy of Foreign-Invested Manufacturing Enterprises in China: Export-oriented and Market-oriented FDI Revisited” pp 284-308

Rugman, Alan M. and Brewer, T.L. (2001). “The Oxford Handbook of International Business”, Oxford University Press, New York, USA

• Child, John “China and International Business” pp 681-715 Ch24
• Meyer, Klaus E .”International Business Research on Transition Economies” pp 716-759 Ch25

Buckley, Peter J. (2010). “The Multinational Enterprise Revisited” Ch. 4.
 
Week 8:          Emerging Economies. Emerging Market Multinationals
Jensen, Nathan M. (2006). “Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation, A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment”. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA
Buckley, Peter J. (2010). “Foreign Direct Investment, China and the World Economy” Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK
Casanova, Lourdes (2009). “Global Latinas: Latin America’s Emerging Multinationals”, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK
Ramamurti, Ravi and Singh, J.V. (2009). “Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets” Cambridge University Press, New York, USA
 
 
Week 9:          MNE, Government Relations and Lobbying.
Jensen, Nathan M. (2006). “Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation, A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment”. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA
 
Rugman, Alan M. and Brewer, T.L. (2001). “The Oxford Handbook of International Business”, Oxford University Press, New York, USA

• Rugman, Alan M. and Verbeke, A. “Multinational Enterprises and Public Policy” pp 818- 842. Ch 28
• Rugman, Alan and Verbeke, A. “Environmental Policy and International Business” pp 537-557. Ch19

 
Week 10:        Beyond the Economics: Social/Political/Cultural/Globalization Issues.
Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004). “In Defense of Globalization” Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2003). “Globalization and Its Discontents”, W. W. Norton & Co, New York, USA
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2007). “Making Globalization Work” , W.W. Norton & Co, New York, USA
Urmetzer, Peter (2005). “Globalization Unplugged, Sovereignty and the Canadian State in the Twenty First Century”, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada
Tanzi, Vito (2011). “Government versus Markets, the Changing Economic Role of the State”, Cambridge University Press
Buckley, Peter J. and M. Casson (2010) “ The Multinational Enterprise Revisited”. Ch. 9
 
 
Week 11:        Government and FDI Policies. Transfer Pricing, Taxes and Tax Havens.
Rugman, Alan M. and Brewer, T.L. (2001). “The Oxford Handbook of International Business”, Oxford University Press, New York, USA

• Eden, Lorraine “Taxes, Transfer Pricing, and the Multinational Enterprise” pp591-622. In: Brewer/Rugman. Ch 21

King, Elizabeth (2010). “Transfer Pricing and Corporate Taxation, Problems, Practical Implications and Proposed Solutions” Springer, New York, USA
Palan, Ronan, Murphy, R. and Chavagneux, C. (2010). “Tax Havens, How Globalization Really Works” Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA
Sharman, J.C. (2006). “Havens in a Storm, the Struggle for Global Tax Regulation”, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA
Zucman, Gabriel (2016) “The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens” University of Chicago Press, Ill. USA
 
Week 12:        Review

1. Presentation

 
You are required to produce a TEN slide PowerPoint presentation with a team. The PowerPoint presentation will have to be a team effort of FIVE students and will be presented in class. I will assist you in developing proper team monitoring and project management skills. The presentation will be evaluated by looking at the following factors:

1. Quality of economic content
2. Quality of the presentation & class discussion
3. Effort/Skills of each team member
4. Project Management Skills

Assumed due date:  Thursday, MARCH 12, 2020.
 

1. Learning Objectives

 

1. Learn from each other.
   1. Active participation in class
   2. Dinner/lunch/coffee meetings
   3. Strengthen social skills
2. Learn to work in teams and strengthen interpersonal skills
3. Learn project management skills
   1. Project management 101
4. Learn to present in an auditorium setting
   1. Will assist with format & design
   2. Will encourage professionalism
5. Learn new analytical tools
   1. Tools from economics, political science and business
6. Learn to think globally and strategically
   1. Global examples and cases will be discussed
   2. Comprehensive reading list and course materials

 
 
 
 
 
 

1. Academic Integrity Statement for Undergraduate Courses:

Academic misconduct is a serious offence. The principle of academic integrity, particularly of doing one’s own work, documenting properly (including use of quotation marks, appropriate paraphrasing and referencing/citation), collaborating appropriately, and avoiding misrepresentation, is a core principle in university study. Students should consult Section VII, “Academic Misconduct”, in the “Academic Regulations and University Polices” entry in the Undergraduate Calendar, available at http://brocku.ca/webcal to view a fuller description of prohibited actions, and the procedures and penalties.
 
Plagiarism Software:
This course may use Turnitin.com, phrase-matching software. If you object to uploading your assignments to Turnitin.com for any reason, please notify the instructor to discuss alternative submissions.
 
Academic Accommodation due to Religious Obligations:
Brock University acknowledges the pluralistic nature of the undergraduate and graduate communities such that accommodations will be made for students who, by reason of religious obligation, must miss an examination, test, assignment deadline, laboratory or other compulsory academic event. Students requesting academic accommodation on the basis of religious obligation should make a formal, written request to their instructor(s) for alternative dates and/or means of satisfying requirements.
 
Medical Exemption Policy:
The University requires that a student be medically examined in Health Services, or by an off-campus physician prior to an absence due to medical reasons from an exam, lab, test, quiz, seminar, assignment, etc. The Medical Certificate can be found at: http://www.brocku.ca/health-services/policies/exemption.
 
Academic Integrity:
Academic misconduct is a serious offence. The principle of academic integrity, particularly of doing one’s own work, documenting properly (including use of quotation marks, appropriate paraphrasing and referencing/citation), collaborating appropriately, and avoiding misrepresentation, is a core principle in university study. Students should consult Section VII, “Academic Misconduct”, in the “Academic Regulations and University Policies” entry in the Undergraduate Calendar, available at http://brocku.ca/webcal to view a fuller description of prohibited actions, and the procedures and penalties. Information on what constitutes academic integrity is available at https://brocku.ca/academic-integrity/
Intellectual Property Notice:

All slides, presentations, handouts, tests, exams, and other course materials created by the instructor in this course are the intellectual property of the instructor. A student who publicly posts or sells an instructor’s work, without the instructor’s express consent, may be charged with misconduct under Brock’s Academic Integrity Policy and/or Code of Conduct, and may also face adverse legal consequences for infringement of intellectual property rights.
Special Accommodation:

The University is committed to fostering an inclusive and supportive environment for all students and will adhere to the Human Rights principles that ensure respect for dignity, individualized accommodation, inclusion and full participation. The University provides a wide range of resources to assist students, as follows:
a) If you require academic accommodation because of a disability or an ongoing health or mental health condition, please contact Student Accessibility Services at askSAS@brocku.ca or 905 688 5550 ext. 3240.

9. b) If you require academic accommodation because of an incapacitating medical condition, you must, as soon as practicable, inform your instructor(s) of your inability to complete your academic work. You must also submit a Brock University Student Medical Certificate (found at https://brocku.ca/registrar/toolkit/forms). The University may, at its discretion, request more detailed documentation in certain cases. If you are unable to write a scheduled examination due to an incapacitating medical condition, you must follow the process set out in the Faculty Handbook III:9.4.1.
   c) If you are experiencing mental health concerns, contact the Student Wellness and Accessibility Centre. Good2Talk is a service specifically for post-secondary students, available 24/7, 365 days a year, and provides anonymous assistance: http://www.good2talk.ca/ or call 1-866-925-5454. For information on wellness, coping and resiliency, visit: http://brockmentalhealth.ca/mental-well-being/.
   d) If you require academic accommodation on religious grounds, you should make a formal, written request to your instructor(s) for alternative dates and/or means of satisfying requirements. Such requests should be made during the first two weeks of any given academic term, or as soon as possible after a need for accommodation is known to exist.
   e) If you have been affected by sexual violence, the Human Rights & Equity Office offers support, information, reasonable accommodations, and resources through the Sexual Violence Support & Education Coordinator. For information on sexual violence, visit Brock’s Sexual Assault and Harassment Policy or contact the Sexual Violence Support & Response Coordinator at humanrights@brocku.ca or 905 688 5550 ext. 4387.
   f) If you feel you have experienced discrimination or harassment on any of the above grounds, including racial, gender or other forms of discrimination, contact the Human Rights and Equity Office at humanrights@brocku.ca.

 

 

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Academic English Skills Coursework 1: Source Report

Name:

Class: Academic English

Date: 18/10/2019

 
Essay title or question:

Title: With reference to the e-car industry, discuss the elements that make up the external environment that it faces, and how an individual car manufacturer with a base in the UK might take these elements into account in its strategic and operations management. What should the company’s strategy be in order to continue expanding its business?

 
Plan for overall structure of essay:

Plan for overall structure

Introduction

P1.  Factors that have contributed to the need for having e-car in UK auto market.

P2.  Elements that make up the external environment of e-car industry.

P3. The challenges that the e-car company might experience while conducting its operation in UK.

P4. How an e-car manufacturer company that wants to establish its base in UK need to consider the external elements in the organization strategic and operations management.

P5. The strategies that e-car manufacturing company would integrate into the organization to expands its business in the vast UK market.

Conclusion

 
Part 1: Annotated List of Sources
Select TWO sources you have read and plan to use in your essay and complete the table below outlining:

• why the text is useful for your essay
• how you found the source.

You will focus on three different sources in part 2. Include a reference in the following format:

Books / chapters of books:

Surname, I. & Surname, I. (Year). Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publisher Surname, I. (Year). Chapter of the book. In: I. Surname & I. Surname (Eds), Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publisher, pp. 1-18

Journal articles (print/ online)

Surname, I. (Year). The Title of the Article. The Name of the Journal, 1(1), 1-18

Reports / articles online

Surname, I. (Year). The Title of the Article or Report. The Name of the Organisation or website. Retrieved from url

Lectures / talks

Surname, I. (Year). The Title of the Lecture or Talk. TED. Retrieved from url

 
Note that you should summarise and paraphrase key information in the text in order to demonstrate that you have understood the sources. You may use bullet points. You are not marked for your language accuracy, but you will be penalised for copying text from the source.

Type of source: Journal Article

Reference Debye, Y. (2014). E-car industry analysis from the perspective of business model dynamics (Bachelor’s thesis, University of Twente). Retrieved from: https://essay.utwente.nl/65344/1/Debye_BA_MB.pdf

This source is relevant because…  The source is relevant since it provides the various factors in the UK market that contributed to the e-car company to decide to operate in the UK market. Through the environmental regulations in the UK market on greenhouse gas emissions and the need to reduce air pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, it has led to the UK government actively promote electric vehicles that have led to the introduction of new e-car companies in the UK. The article is also relevant since it has effectively highlighted the various external environment elements which make it difficult for an e-car company to operate in the UK auto market. External environmental elements such as policy incentives, availability of charging stations, public visibility, vehicle diversity, and consumer characteristics are some of the elements that have made it difficult for e-car companies to operate in the UK market.   I found this source by…   Researching on the various factors that have contributed to the need for having e-car in the UK market together with external environmental elements which have made it difficult for the flourishment of e-car companies in the UK.

Source 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source 2

Type of source: Journal Article

Reference Yong, T., & Park, C. (2017). A qualitative comparative analysis on factors affecting the deployment of electric vehicles. Energy Procedia, 128, 497-503. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217339103

This source is relevant because…  The source is relevant since it highlights the different ways that an e-car company, which is based in the UK, might consider the external environment elements in its strategic and operations management to ensure that it effectively conducts its operation in the UK auto market. The source highlights that through a car manufacturer that is based in the UK being able to conduct adequate market strategy and being able to solve the external environmental elements that hinder smooth operation of e-car companies in the UK market would help the company to achieve its goals and increase its market share. The article has also highlighted the different strategies that an organization can utilize towards expanding its e-car business in the UK market.   I found this source by…   Researching on how the external environmental elements that impact e-car operation in the UK can be integrated into the organization strategy and operations management to achieve market success.

 
Part 2: Source Report
Complete the source report for THREE more sources you have read. Include:

• The reference
• How you have identified the source as suitable for academic use
• Three main points from the text which are useful for your essay, including the supporting information for each idea or argument.
• The section of your essay the information will be useful for – make sure each source covers a different aspect of your essay
• Conclusions you have drawn from your reading

Source 3
Reference:   Coffman, M., Bernstein, P., & Wee, S. (2017). Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption. Transport Reviews, 37(1), 79-93. Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/transr/v37y2017i1p79-93.html
Source Evaluation
Authority Who is the author / organisation? Are they qualified?	There are three authors of the article who include Coffman, Bernstein and Wee and they are very qualified.
Reliability Where is the text published? Is the source peer-reviewed?	The text has been published by Transport Reviews which is an international review journal organization that provide authoritative and up to date research-based reviews of transport related topics. The source is peer reviewed.
Objectivity Where does the information in the article come from? Are the points supported?	The information in the article comes from a thorough research conducted in the transport industry to identify the various factors that have make it difficult for adoption of e-cars in different economies.
Currency When was the text published? Are the citations and references used in the text current?	The text was published in 2017 and there are citations and references.
Academic Conventions Are academic conventions used?	Yes, academic conventions are used.
Which point will the information and arguments from the text be used to support or explain?
The information and arguments from the text that can be used to support the claims are that it has become difficult for the UK to adopt e-cars due to the various external environment elements which have become a hindrance. For example, many people are not ready to use e-cars due to their high costs compared to cars that use gasoline; therefore, many have engaged in preferring the latter. The UK government, as an external element, has not been able to set government incentives, which will encourage the development of e-cars, therefore, making it difficult for car manufacturers to manufacture e-cars. The provision of infrastructure to be used by e-cars has also been a challenge in the UK, making it difficult for the adoption of e-cars.
Relevant points from the text		Supporting evidence / example/ data in the text
It has become difficult for people to integrate the use of e-cars, whereas there are cars that run on gas.		Supporting evidence from the text is that more than 90% of people in the UK use cars than ran in gas, and they are not yet ready to use e-cars.
There are no government incentives put forward by the UK government to encourage manufacturing companies to set their base in the UK to engage in manufacturing e-cars.		Supporting evidence is that operating an e-car manufacturing company in the UK will come with increased costs to the company due to the materials, labor, capital, and infrastructure that the company would require to utilize in the process and without government incentive it would be difficult for many companies to operate in the UK market.
The UK government has not been able to set adequate infrastructure that would ensure that its citizens will be able to use e-cars once they have been manufactured since there are no guidelines about public charging infrastructure.		From the text, the authors have engaged in highlighting that the UK government has been tight-lipped about the construction of public charging infrastructure that would enable e-cars to use such an infrastructure since, from its research, many citizens have shown the desire to use cars that use gas.

 

Source 4
Reference: Saebi, T., & Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions. European Management Journal, 33(3), 201-213. Retrieved from: https://openaccess.nhh.no/nhh-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/298636/Saebi_Business.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Source Evaluation
Authority Who is the author / organisation? Are they qualified?	The authors are Saebi and Foss and they are qualified authors.
Reliability Where is the text published? Is the source peer-reviewed?	The text is published in European Management Journal and it is a peer reviewed source.
Objectivity Where does the information in the article come from? Are the points supported?	The information come from different companies that operate in Europe and the points are supported by owners, CEOs and managers of many performing organizations in Europe.
Currency When was the text published? Are the citations and references used in the text current?	The text was published in 2015 and there are citations and references used in the text.
Academic Conventions Are academic conventions used?	Yes, the academic conventions are used in the journal.
Which point will the information and arguments from the text be used to support or explain?
The information and arguments from the text that would be used to support the topic is that the text has effectively highlighted that there is the need for any company that operates in the European market to ensure that it is able to counter all the external environment elements that it encounters to ensure that it achieves its organizational goals and attain an increased market share. Through the integration of such challenges in the organization’s operational management, it will enable the organization to engage in its daily activities of producing its goods and services. Since strategic management focuses on activities that ensure an organization attains a competitive positioning through integrating the external environment elements in strategic management, it will ensure organization success. Through the e-car company integrating innovation strategies in its operation and strategic management, it will enable her to solve and ensure mitigating the external elements that hinder its operation.
Relevant points from the text		Supporting evidence / example/ data in the text
There is a need for a business that finds it difficult operating in the European market due to external environment elements to engage in aligning the internal organization elements with their business model to accommodate open innovation that will ensure organization success.		Data in the text shows how different organizations that operate in the European market, including Apple Inc., has shown the importance of aligning the internal elements of the organization with the external elements that it experiences in its business model to be able to accommodate innovation strategies.
Restructuring of the organization’s business model and being able to integrate innovation strategies in the organization strategy and operations management is fundamental to ensure that the organization integrates the external environment to achieve success.		Supporting evidence provided by the authors is that when an organization that operates in the European market is able to take the external elements into account in its strategic and operations management, it often helps such organization to engage in wise decision-making process thereby supporting business functions and operations in the organization leading to the attainment of organization goals.
When an organization that operates in the European market is able to consider the external elements that affect its operations and integrates the same in its strategic and operational management, it often helps such an organization to achieve success in the market it is operating.		The authors have highlighted that when external environment elements are being integrated into strategic and operation management in the organization through the use of innovative strategies such an organization will be able to solve all its challenges that it experiences, leading to the attainment of organization goals.

 

Source 5
Reference: Verbeke, A. (2013). International business strategy. Cambridge University Press.
Source Evaluation
Authority Who is the author / organisation? Are they qualified?	The author is Verbeke and a qualified author.
Reliability Where is the text published? Is the source peer-reviewed?	The text has been published in Cambridge University Press. The source is a book.
Objectivity Where does the information in the article come from? Are the points supported?	The information in the book comes from different performing organizations globally that have been able to expand their business processes and the points are supported.
Currency When was the text published? Are the citations and references used in the text current?	The text was published in 2013 and there is the use of citations and references in the text.
Academic Conventions Are academic conventions used?	Yes, academic conventions are used.
Which point will the information and arguments from the text be used to support or explain?
The information and argument from the text that will be used to support the essay title is that there is the need for an organization that operate in any market to engage in undertaking effective strategies such as integrating innovation, technology, cultural competency, strategic orientation, collaboration and integration of all employees in the organization process to be able to expand its business operation that will lead to organization success and increase in market share.
Relevant points from the text		Supporting evidence / example/ data in the text
The relevant points from the book are that when an organization is able to integrate its employees in organization process and ensures that there is the integration of new technology in business environments such undertaking will ensure that the business is able to expand its business operations since they will have the support of its employees.		There are supporting data in the text which have shown that there is the need for any organization that needs or wants to expand it’s business operations need to integrate its employees in the process as this will ascertain that the employees would be able to align themselves with the organization goals and objectives to achieve success.
International business organizations need to ensure that they align themselves with the market needs together with integrating technology in the business process as this will help an organization to be successful when expanding its operations.		The author has used examples of different organizations that operate in different markets to explain how through the integration of new technology in the business process and ensuring that the organization meets the market needs it has helped such organization to continue expanding in new markets which can also be implemented by any e-car company.
The text also highlights that a company that wants to expand its business operations it needs to undertake the strategies of ensuring that it receive financial incentives, engage in diversification and effectively engaging in product development that will meet the desire of the customers.		The author has provided supportive evidence by explaining that a business that looks forward to expanding its business process needs to ensure that it undertakes effective market, product, and financial strategies to ensure that it achieves adequate market share. There is the use of General Motors’ example in the text whereby the company attained financial incentives and engaged in diversification, which enables the company to expand in new markets.

 

Conclusions drawn from your reading

The conclusion that can be drawn from the readings is that there are many external environment elements that tend to impact the operation of e-car manufacturers in the UK. The readings also highlighted the contributing factors that have led to the UK to consider introducing e-cars in the economy. These external environment elements in the UK include policy incentives, availability of charging stations, public visibility naming a few. When an organization is able to integrate the external environment elements in its operation and strategic management, it will help in ensuring that such effects are reduced in the industry thereby, enabling the e-car manufacturing companies in the UK to attain market success. Adequate strategies are required by businesses that operate in an international market, as highlighted in one of the readings to ensure that it is able to expand their businesses. These strategies include ensuring the organization attains financial and production incentives, integration of technology, and employees in the organization process, diversification, and product development are some of the strategies.

 
You will be given a tutorial following submission of the assessment. In the tutorial, you will be asked to:

• Show your tutor how you found your sources
• Talk your tutor through what you think are the useful parts of the sources

You will also be given opportunity to:

• Ask any questions you have on the assessment
• Get feedback on the work you have done so far

This assessment is worth 25% of your reading mark. The mark you are awarded for Evidence of Subject Knowledge may be amended based on your tutorial discussion.

 

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